LEARNING

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LEARNING
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How do we learn?

• Most learning is associative learning
• Learning that certain events occur together.

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Four Main Types of Learning
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning

• Observational Learning

Latent Learning
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Classical Conditioning

• It all started with

Ivan Pavlov
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Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) a stimulus that
naturally and automatically triggers a response.
Unconditional Response (UCR) the unlearned,
naturally occurring response to the UCS.
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Conditioned Stimulus (CS) an originally
irrelevant stimulus that, after association with
the UCS, comes to trigger a response.
Conditioned Response (CR) the learned response
to a previously neutral stimulus.
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Come up with your own examples of Classical
Conditioning
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Pavlov spent the rest of his life outlining his
ideas. He came up with 5 critical terms that
together make up classical conditioning.

• Acquisition
• Extinction
• Spontaneous Recovery
• Generalization
• Discrimination

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Acquisition

• The initial stage of learning.
• The phase where the neutral stimulus is
  associated with the UCS so that the neutral
  stimulus comes to elicit the CR (thus becoming
  the CS).

Does timing matter?

• The CS should come before the UCS
• They should be very close together in timing.

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Extinction

• The diminishing of a conditioned response.
• Will eventually happen when the UCS does not
  follow the CS.

Is extinction permanent?
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Spontaneous Recovery

• The reappearance. After a rest period, of an
  extinguished conditioned response.

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Generalization

• The tendency, once a response has been
  conditioned, for stimuli similar to the CS to
  elicit similar responses.

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Discrimination

• The learned ability to distinguish between a CS
  and other stimuli that does not signal UCS.