Professor:

1
Important information for your First Day of Class

• You may be surprised to learn that over 20 of
  all undergraduate students dont utilize their
  required course material.
• Student retention is dropping nationwide and
  while the higher education community has done a
  remarkable job of opening the doors of college to
  more and more students, we have not seen equal
  strides in the number of students who actually
  complete four-year degrees. (Education Trust,
  2004)
• The top factors motivating a student to use their
  adopted books all involve whether the material is
  immediately used, referred to, or assessed from
  in the classroom.
• What you can do
• Your students take their cues from you and many
  wait until the third week of class to see how the
  book is used before deciding whether or not they
  need it. Please take a few minutes the first day
  of class to explain and demonstrate why you
  adopted your book and accompanying technology.
• The next few slides show the book, technology
  products, and messaging that indicates that they
  will be responsible for the content. Feel free
  to customize the information or delete from your
  slide set.

Chapter one slides begin on slide (5).
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2
Spielvogel, Western Civilization, 6e with
InfoTrac College Edition
Your Required Technology Materials

• You will need this material for
• tests and quizzes
• homework and reading assignments

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3
Spielvogel, Western Civilization, 6e with
WebTutor on WebCT
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4
Spielvogel, Western Civilization, 6e with
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Spielvogel, Western Civilization, 6e with iLRN
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Spielvogel, Western Civilization, 6e with
HistoryNow
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7
Technology Resources to help you succeed in this
course
You can do your research 24/7 with easy access to
over 10 million full-text articles from nearly
5000 academic journals, magazines, and
periodicals. Do your research from home, work, or
your dorm room!
WebTutor offers real-time access to a full array
of premium study tools, including animations and
videos that bring the book's topics to life.
Your FREE companion website offers you chapter
specific quizzing, simulations, flash cards,
games, etc. to help you master the course
content.
Professor Course/Section
8
Technology Resources to help you succeed in this
course
You can do your research 24/7 with easy access to
over 10 million full-text articles from nearly
5000 academic journals, magazines, and
periodicals. Do your research from home, work, or
your dorm room!
iLRN is a multifaceted tutorial program with
text-specific exercises, quizzing, graphs,
tables, video lessons, and online tutoring to
help you get a better grade.
Your FREE companion website offers you chapter
specific quizzing, simulations, flash cards,
games, etc. to help you master the course
content.
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9
Chapter 1

• The Ancient Near East
• The First Civilizations

10
Timeline
11
The First Humans

• Hominids
• Australopithecines (3-4 million years ago simple
  stone tools limited to Africa)
• Homo Erectus (1.5 million years ago larger, more
  varied tools moves into Europe and Asia)
• Homo Sapiens (wise human being)
• Neanderthals, (c. 100,000 30,000 years ago)
• Neander Valley in Germany, other parts of Europe
  and Middle East
• More advanced stone tools burial of the dead
• Homo Sapiens Sapiens, (c. 200,000 B.C. Present)
• Wise, wise human being
• Replaced Neanderthals
• Spread throughout the world

12
Map 1.1 The Spread of Homo Sapiens Sapiens
13
The Hunter Gatherers of the Old Stone Age

• Paleolithic Age, (c. 2.5 million years ago
  10,000 years ago)
• Hunting and Gathering
• Nomadic Bands (20 30 people)
• Division of labor between men and women
• Discovery of Fire (c. 500,000 B.C.)
• Source of light and heat cooking of food
• Cultural activities notably cave paintings

14
Neolithic Revolution(c. 10,000 4000 B.C.)

• Agricultural Revolution
• Move from hunting and gathering toward systematic
  growing of food
• Consequences of Neolithic Revolution
• Permanent Settlements (Çatal Hüyük)
• Trade
• Specialized Division of Labor
• Improved Tools
• Domestication of Animals
• Development of Writing
• Use of Metals
• Copper Tin Bronze
• Bronze Age (c. 3000 B.C. c. 1200 B.C.)

15
The Emergence of Civilization

• Six Characteristics of Civilization
• Urban Focus Cities become very important
• Distinct Religious Structure (gods priests)
• Political and Military Structures (bureaucracy
  armies)
• Social structure based on economic power
• Writing Record keeping
• Artistic and Intellectual Activity

16
Civilization in Mesopotamia

• The City State of Ancient Mesopotamia
• Begins at Sumer (c. 3000 B.C.)
• City States (Eridu, Ur, Uruk, Umma, Lagash)
• Temples to the gods / Ziggurats
• Theocracy (gods rule the cities through priests)
• Kingship (divine in Origin)
• Economy primarily agricultural
• Some trade
• Three Major Social Groups
• Nobles, Commoners, and Slaves

17
Map 1.2 The Ancient Near East
18
Empires in Ancient Mesopotamia

• Early Dynastic Age (c. 3000 2340 B.C.)
• Instability warfare between city states
• Akkadian Empire (c. 2340 c. 2100 B.C.)
• Sargon
• Third Dynasty of Ur (c. 2112 2000 B.C.)
• Amorites
• Hammurabi (1792 1750 B.C.)

19
Code of Hammurabi

• 282 Laws
• Strict Justice / Severe Penalties
• Principle of Retaliation
• Responsibility of Public Officials
• Consumer Protections
• Agriculture and Trade
• Family / Marriage / Domestic Affairs

20
Culture of Mesopotamia

• The Importance of Religion
• City State linked to god or goddess.
• Epic of Gilgamesh
• Polytheistic (belief in many gods)
• Human beings subservient to gods
• Divination
• Cultivation of New Arts and Sciences
• Writing, (c. 3000 B.C.)
• cuneiform wedge-shaped
• Record Keeping Past Events Literature
• Mathematics
• Number System based on 60
• Geometry
• Astronomy

21
The Development of Cuneiform
22
Egyptian CivilizationThe Gift of the Nile

• Nile River
• Annual, predictable flooding
• Food Surplus
• Transportation
• Security
• Changelessness

23
Mud and thatch wall of Egyptian farmhouse in the
Nile River Valley.
24
Map 1.3 Ancient Egypt
25
The Old and Middle Kingdoms

• Upper and Lower Egypt United (c. 3100 B.C.)
• Old Kingdom (c. 2686 2125)
• Prosperity and Stability
• Pharaohs (Divine Kings)
• Absolute Rulers
• Maat
• Bureaucracy Vizier
• Nomes (Provinces)
• First Intermediate Period (c. 2125 2055 B.C.)
• Middle Kingdom (c. 2055 1650 B .C.)
• Changing Role of Pharaoh

26
Society and Economy in Ancient Egypt

• Organized Hierarchically
• Pharaoh at the top
• Upper Class (Nobles and Priests)
• Merchants and Artisans
• Trade
• Lower Class Serfs
• Majority of population
• Bound to land
• Tax payers
• Military service labor force

27
Culture of Egypt

• Spiritual Life and Egyptian Society
• Religion
• Sun Cult (Atum Re)
• Osiris, Isis, and Seth
• Book of the Dead
• Pyramids
• City of the Dead
• Physical Body / Spiritual Body (Ka)
• Mummification
• Great Pyramid at Giza (c. 2540 B.C.)
• Art and Writing
• Functional / Integral in ritual
• Art Formulaic
• Writing (Hieroglyphs)

28
Osiris as Judge of the Dead
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Chaos and a New Order The New Kingdom

• Second Intermediate Period (c. 1650 c. 1550
  B.C.)
• Hyksos Invasion
• Bronze Age
• New Methods of Warfare
• New Kingdom (c. 1550 1085 B.C.)
• Militarism and Imperialism
• Amenhotep IV (c. 1364 1347 B.C.)
• Worship of Aten (god of the sun disk)
• Tutankhamen (1347 1338 B.C.)
• Restoration of old gods
• Rameses II (c. 1279 1213 B.C.)
• Decline (after 1085 B.C.)

30
Nubians in Egypt
31
Life in Ancient Egypt

• Marriage
• Husband master of the house
• Wife head of the household education of
  children
• Women
• Labor
• Hatshepsut
• Arranged Marriages
• Reproduction
• Love
• Divorce allowed
• Adultery strictly prohibited

32
On the Fringes of Civilization

• Farming established in Europe (4000 B.C.)
• Megalithic Structures
• Built around 4000 B.C.
• Most famous is Stonehenge in England
• Required coordination of labor for construction

33
The Impact of the Indo-Europeans

• Indo-European Languages
• Homeland
• Migrations (c. 2000 B.C.)

34
Table 1.2 Some Indo-European Languages
35
Map 1.4 The Egyptian and Hittite Empires
36
The Hittite Empire

• Rise and Fall of the Hittite Empire
• Suppiluliumas I (c. 1370 1330 B.C.)
• Relations with Egypt
• Reasons for fall
• Assimilation of other cultures

37
Discussion Questions

• What were some of the key characteristics that
  separated homo sapiens sapiens from other early
  hominids?
• What were the reasons behind the Neolithic
  Revolution?
• Why is Mesopotamia called the Cradle of
  Civilization?
• What does the Code of Hammurabi tell us about
  Mesopotamian society?
• What role did the Nile River play in the
  development of Egyptian civilization?
• Why was Egyptian civilization so centered on
  death and dying?
• What function did women play in Mesopotamian
  society?
• What does the existence of megalithic structures
  tell us about the societies that built them?

38
Web Links

• Becoming Human
• Exploring Ancient World Cultures The Ancient
  Near East
• Creative Impulse Mesopotamia
• The British Museum Ancient Egypt
• Daily Life in Ancient Egypt
• Death and Burial in Egypt