Brainstem: Medulla

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Brainstem Medulla Pons
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Reticular Formation
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Thalamus
Thalamic Pain Syndrome
Thalamic Pain Syndrome
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• Cerebellum little brain
• helps us judge time
• nonverbal
• learning/memory
• discriminate
• sounds/textures
• coordinate voluntary
• movement

Cerebellar ataxia
Ataxic Gait
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Limbic System

• 1. Hypothalamus
• 2. Amygdala
• 3. Hippocampus

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Hypothalamus Where is it?
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1. Hypothalamus

• Subdivided into different functional areas
• Involved in the regulation of
• Hunger
• Thirst
• Body temperature
• Sexual behavior
• Contains reward centers (pleasure centers)
  (Olds/Milner)
• Reward centers often release dopamine
• Addictive behaviors reward deficiency
  syndrome?

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Functional Areas of the Hypothalamus
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2. Amygdala
Amygdala
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Amygdala

• Two structures, right and left
• Each is the size of a lima bean
• Sit posterior to the hypothalamus
• Perception of fear and aggression
• Processing emotion-laden memories
• Kluver Bucy
• Destroyed amygdala in monkeys
• Ill-tempered to mellow
• Stimulate amygdala
• 1 spot, extreme aggression
• Another spot, extreme fearfulness

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Kluver-Bucy Syndrome

• 1. Psychic blindness (inability to recognize
  familiar objects)
• 2. Hypermetamorphosis (strong tendency to react
  to visual stimulus)
• 3. Increased oral exploration (putting things in
  the mouth)
• 4. Placidity (marked decreased fear response)
• 5. Indiscriminate hypersexuality
• 6. Hyperphagia/Eating nonfood items

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3. Hippocampus
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Hippocampus

• Involved in memory formation (names, images,
  events)
• Memories formed but not stored
• Very active during sleep memories are processed
  and filed for later retrieval
• Left hippocampus memories of verbal information
• Right hippocampus memories of visual
  information and locations

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Damage to the Hippocampus