Vocabulary Skill

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Vocabulary Skill
Lecture One
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• Tasks Today
• Confusing Words
• Word-memorizing Methods

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1. adopt, adapt, adjust
2. arise, arouse, rise, raise
3. effective, efficient, sufficient

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1. economic, economical
2. considerable, considerate, considering
3. ashamed, shameful, shameless
4. intensive, extensive, intense
5. successful, successive
6. like, alike, likely

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1. attain, maintain, sustain, retain, contain
2. affect, effect, perfect, infect
3. progress, proceed, precede, proceeding, preceding

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1. transport, transmit, transform, transplant
2. explore, exploit, explode
3. continual, continuous, constant, consistent
4. density, intensity, popularity, prosperity
5. dismissal, disposal, survival

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?????

• adopt, adapt, adjust
• 2. arise, rise, arouse, raise
• 3. effective, efficient, sufficient

oneself to
effect
efficiency
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???

1. economic, economical
2. considerable, considerate, considering
3. ashamed, shameful, shameless
4. intensive, extensive, intense
5. successful, successive
6. like, alike, likely

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???

1. attain, maintain, sustain, retain, contain
2. affect, effect, perfect, infect
3. progress, proceed, precede, proceeding, preceding

tain, ten ??,?
fect, fac, fic, fact ?
ceed, cede, cess ?,??
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???

1. transport, transmit, transform, transplant
2. explore, exploit, explode
3. continual, continuous, constant, consistent
4. density, intensity, popularity, prosperity
5. dismissal, disposal, survival

re-, com-, con-, pre-
ly, -al, -tive, -sive, -a(i)ble
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pose position compose composition decompose decomp
osable indecomposable indecomposability chemically
-composed be composed of
???????
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???????
1. ????
addition
plus minus times by
add subtract multiply divide by
addition subtraction multiplication division
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2. ????
lamb venison veal steak beef chicken mutton pork
animal
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3. ?????
???? object
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???????
1.?????? cocky
2.?????? aboardabroadboardbroad
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3.???? chaos, sting
4.???????? hatch catch, match, watch
fire hire, tire, entire, retire, wire
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Thank you !
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2. ????
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1. ????
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2. ????
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2. ????
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2. ????
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2. ????
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????, ????? ????, ????? ????, ????
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1. p.38-41???I, II, III
2. ????????
3. ?????????????
4. ??p.5-6?73????
5. 24???????????

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The most effective way learning vocabulary in
context

• One of the most challenging and beneficial
  aspects of vocabulary acquisition is using
  context in order to clarify the meaning of a word
  or phrase. But how to obtain the meanings of
  unknown words through recognizing and applying
  context clues. Here four types of context clues
  will be introduced
• 1) Definition/Explanation Clues
  Sometimes a word's or phrase's
  meaning is explained immediately following its
  use. 
• Example 1
  
  Etymology, which is the study
  of the origin of words, finds many teachers
  taking the bull by its horns (????)when
  unraveling the mysteries of vocabulary studies."

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• 2)Restatement/Synonym Clues
  Sometimes a challenging word or
  phrase is clarified in simpler language.
• Example 2
  
  "Lou felt as though she had been sent
  to the doghouse when Louisa admonished her for
  fighting at school.
• Because the phrase "being sent to the
  doghouse" means being punished, admonish could
  mean to disapprove or to scold.

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• 3)Contrast/Antonym Clues
  Sometimes a word or phrase
  is clarified by the presentation of the opposite
  meaning somewhere close to its use. Look for
  signal words when applying context clues.
• Example 3
  
  "Lou thought that her
  mother's recovery was futile, but Oz remained
  faithful to the course of his mother's restored
  health.
• The signal word but tells the reader that an
  opposite, contrasting thought is occurring.
  Consequently, futile must mean the opposite of
  remaining faithful to the course therefore, it
  must mean giving up.

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• 4)Inference/General Context Clues
  
  Sometimes a word or phrase is not immediately
  clarified within the same sentence. The reader
  must look for clues within, before, and after the
  sentence in which the word is used.
• Example 4
  
  "Dementia almost overcame Lou when she
  stepped off the train at Rainwater Ridge and felt
  crazy as she realized how different her new life
  would be.
• Dementia can be defined as being insane
  because the phrase "crazy " indicates insanity.
• Therefore, words in context are more vivid and
  specific. Learning how to guess words you don't
  know is an important skill. Nobody wants to look
  every word up in a dictionary! If you learn how
  to guess the unfamiliar words in sentences, then
  you won't have to read with your dictionary open
  all the time and it will be easier for you to
  remember some frequently-used words.

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• Example 1
  
  The snake slithered
  through the grass. He was hunting. What does
  appease probably mean?
  
  A)
  stopped moving (X) 'Through' means there is some
  movement.
  B) slept in the grass (X) The sentence above says
  he is hunting. Snakes don't sleep
• when they hunt.
  
  
  C) ate something () The sentence above says he
  is hunting. Snakes don't eat when
• they are hunting. They eat AFTER they
  hunt.
  
  D) moved or traveled (v) 'Through' means that
  there is movement.
• Example 2
• I'm really hungry! That apple didn't appease
  my hunger. I want a sandwich now. What does
  appease probably mean? A) frustrate B) increase
  C) satisfy
• D) confuse
• Example 3
• The thought of eating a rat is abhorrent to
  most people. What does abhorrent probably mean?
  A) fun, lively B) horrible
• C) delicious, tasty D) sweet, sugary

v
v
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• Example 4 Petra has so many friends because she
  is a gregarious person. What does gregarious
  probably mean? A) introverted, self-contained
  B) shy, quiet C) friendly, outgoing
• D) rude, hostile
• Example 5
• The lovely egret is in danger of extinction
  because clothing manufacturers use their long,
  beautiful tail feathers to make ladies' hats.
  What is an egret? A) a small childB) a type of
  food C) a sound a tiger makes D) a type of bird
• Example 6
• I can't believe it! Right in the middle of
  our conversation, Peter turned around abruptly
  and walked out of the room! What does abruptly
  probably mean? A) formallyB) slowly, in no
  hurry C) suddenly, without noticeD) quietly, in
  an unusual manner

v
v
v
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• Example 7
• After the harvest, we had an abundant amount
  of apples. We made apple pie, apple sauce, and
  apple juice because we had so many apples! What
  does abundant probably mean? A) a shortageB)
  not enough C) very redD) plentiful
• Example 8
• When Sara was sick, her voice was almost
  inaudible. We couldn't hear what she was trying
  to say clearly. What does inaudible probably
  mean? A) very loud, easy to hearB) very soft,
  hard to hear C) very strange, uncommon D) very
  shy, introverted
• Example 9
• The hill was too arduous for us to climb. We
  had to walk our bicycles up the hill. What does
  arduous probably mean? A) tall, sharpB) fun,
  excitingC) easy, not challenging D) difficult,
  steep

v
v
v
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• Example 10
• Hurricanes and tornadoes are treacherous.
  Only a very foolish person would go out during
  that kind of weather. What does treacherous
  probably mean? A) exciting B) dangerous C)
  delirious D) safe
• Example 11
• If you don't conquer your fears, they will
  beat you.Using the antonym clue, the word
  conquer in this sentence means
• A. lose B. win C. talk about D.
  forget
• Example 12
• Although Mary was willing to play in the
  snow, Jack was reluctant because he was so
  cold.Using the antonym clue, the word reluctant
  in this sentence means
• A. ready B. willing C. not willing D.
  excited

v
v
v
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• Example 13
• The cat scuttled quickly around the room
  without lying down at all. In this sentence, the
  word scuttled meansA. ran B. walked
  C. sneaked D. crawled
• Example 14
• The smell from the refrigerator was very foul,
  but the freezer smelled fresh. In this sentence,
  the word foul meansA. bird B. unpleasant
  C. free D. helpful
• Example 15
• He is considerate, unlike his mean sister. In
  this sentence, the word considerate means A
  happy B fun C. nice

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