Heat and Thermodynamics

1
Heat and Thermodynamics

• Energy (1st Law of Thermo)
• cannot be created or destroyed
• can be transferred to the environment as heat.

2
Heat and Thermodynamics

• f. Entropy tends to increase is a law of
  statistical probability that governs all closed
  systems (2nd law of thermo.).
• Mrs. Kings words - energy is LOST during energy
  transformations

3
Waves

• Waves have characteristic properties that do not
  depend on the type of wave.

4
Waves

• a. Students know waves carry energy from one
  place to another.

5
Waves

• b. Students know how to identify transverse (S)
  and longitudinal (P) waves in mechanical media,
  such as springs and ropes, and on the earth
  (seismic waves).

transverse (S) waves
longitudinal (p) waves
6
Waves

• b. Students know how to identify transverse and
  longitudinal waves in mechanical media, such as
  springs and ropes, and on the earth (seismic
  waves).

7
Waves d. Students know sound is a longitudinal
wave
8
Waves

• d. sound is a longitudinal wave

• whose speed depends on the properties of the
  medium in which it propagates.

• sound moves quickest through dense mediums
• moves through water (liquid) quicker than air
  (gas)

9
Waves

• e. Students know radio waves, light, and X-rays
  are different wavelength bands in the spectrum of
  electromagnetic waves whose speed in a vacuum is
  approximately 3x108 m/s (186,000 miles/second).

10
Electromagnetic Spectrum
11
Waves f. Students know how to identify the
characteristic properties of waves interference
(beats), diffraction, refraction, Doppler effect,
and polarization.
12
Waves Interference (beats)
13
Waves Diffraction
14
Waves Diffraction Electromagnetic Spectra
15
Waves Polarization
16
Waves Polarization
17
Waves Refraction
18
Waves Refraction
19
Waves Doppler Effect
20
Electric and Magnetic Phenomena

• d. Students know the properties of transistors
  and the role of transistors in electric circuits.
   
• Transistors are miniature electronic switches.
  They are the building blocks of the
  microprocessor which is the brain of the
  computer.
• Similar to a basic light switch, transistors have
  two operating positions, on and off. This on/off,
  or binary, functionality of transistors enables
  the processing of information in a computer.

21
Electric and Magnetic Phenomena m. Students
know static electric fields have as their source
some arrangement of electric charges.
22
Electric and Magnetic Phenomena

• e. Students know charged particles are sources of
  electric fields and are subject to the forces of
  the electric fields from other charges.

23
Electric and Magnetic Phenomena j. Students
know electric fields contain energy and act as
vector force fields.
24
Electric and Magnetic Phenomena j. Students
know electric and magnetic fields contain energy
and act as vector force fields.
25
Electric and Magnetic Phenomena Earths
Magnetic Field j. Students know electric and
magnetic fields contain energy and act as vector
force fields.
26
Electric and Magnetic Phenomena

• h. Students know changing magnetic fields produce
  electric fields, thereby inducing currents in
  nearby conductors.

27
Electric and Magnetic Phenomena

• PLASMA BASICS Plasmas are a lot like gases but
  the atoms are different because they are made up
  of free ELECTRONS and IONS of the element. You
  don't really find plasmas too often when you walk
  around. They aren't something that happen
  regularly on Earth. If you have ever heard of the
  Northern Lights or Ball Lightning you might know
  that those are types of plasmas. It takes a very
  special environment to keep plasmas going.
  Scientists say that they are the fourth state of
  matter. They are different and unique from the
  other states of matter.
• SO YOU WANT TO BE A PLASMA So imagine you're a
  gas. Floating around and you say "Hmmmm, I'd like
  to become a plasma. They are too cool!" You're
  already half-way there being a gas. But you need
  more. You need to tear off a bunch of electrons
  from your atoms. Eventually you'll have bunches
  of positively and negatively charged particles in
  almost equal CONCENTRATIONS. When the ions are in
  equal amounts the charge of the entire plasma is
  close to NEUTRAL.

• i. Students know plasmas, the fourth state of
  matter, contain ions or free electrons or both
  and conduct electricity.