Understanding Diabetes and Arthritis

1
Understanding Diabetes and Arthritis

• In this lesson, you will Learn About
• What diabetes is and how its treated.
• What arthritis is and how its treated.

2
Understanding Diabetes and Arthritis

• The Vocabulary terms in this lesson are
• Diabetes.
• Insulin.
• Arthritis.
• Rheumatoid arthritis.
• Osteoarthritis.

3
Diabetes

• Diabetes mellitus, or diabetes, is a disease that
  prevents the body from converting food into
  energy.
• To get energy from food, the body must break it
  down into glucose, a simple sugar.
• To transport glucose into cells, the body needs
  insulin, a hormone produced in the pancreas that
  regulates the level of glucose in the blood.
• In people with diabetes, glucose cannot enter
  cells. Instead it builds up in the bloodstream,
  causing many health problems.

4
Types of Diabetes

• Type 1 diabetes usually develops during childhood
  or adolescence.
• In this type, the immune system destroys the
  insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.
• The pancreas then produces little or no insulin
  to balance the glucose in the blood.
• Type 2 diabetes is linked to obesity and lack of
  physical activity. More and more young people are
  developing the disease.
• This type occurs because the body is unable to
  use effectively the insulin it produces.
• After several years, the bodys production of
  insulin decreases.

5
Managing Diabetes
Medical Care
Weight Management
6
Arthritis

• Arthritis is a disease of the joints marked by
  painful swelling and stiffness. The two main
  types of arthritis are
• Rheumatoid arthritisa chronic disease
  characterized by pain, inflammation, swelling,
  and stiffness of the joints. It is the more
  serious and disabling form of arthritis.
• Osteoarthritisa chronic disease that is common
  in older adults and results from a breakdown of
  cartilage in the joints. It is the more common
  type of arthritis.

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The Two Main Types of Arthritis
Rheumatoid Arthritis Osteoarthritis
Cause The immune system attacks healthy joint tissue, leading to swelling and damage of the joints. Cause Osteoarthritis is caused by wear and tear on the joints.
Characteristics Rheumatoid arthritis can affect any joints, including those of the hands, elbows, hips, knees, and feet. Characteristics Osteoarthritis most often affects weight-bearing joints, such as the knees and hips.
Symptoms Soreness, aching, and fatigue. Joints feel stiff and painful. Symptoms Joint pain or swelling and pain and stiffness in the morning.
8
Managing Arthritis

• Most treatment plans for arthritis involve a
  combination of some or all of the following
• Medication
• Diet
• Physical activity
• Rest
• Heat/cold treatments
• Joint replacement

9
Reviewing Terms and Facts

1. Define the terms diabetes and insulin.

Diabetes is a disease that prevents the body from
converting food into energy. Insulin is a hormone
produced in the pancreas that regulates the level
of glucose in the blood.
10
Reviewing Terms and Facts

1. What is arthritis?

Arthritis is a disease of the joints marked by
painful swelling and stiffness.
11
Thinking Critically

• What would you say to a friend who has diabetes
  but who doesnt want to follow a healthful eating
  plan?

12
Chapter Review
13
Reviewing Terms and Facts
noncommunicable disease

• A_____________________ is a disease that cannot
  be spread from person to person.

14
Reviewing Terms and Facts

• Tobacco and asbestos are examples of
• ____________.

carcinogens
15
Reviewing Terms and Facts

• A stroke can occur when a blood vessel in the
  heart breaks.
• True
• False

16
Reviewing Terms and Facts

• A stroke can occur when a blood vessel in the
  heart breaks.
• True
• False

17
Reviewing Terms and Facts

• In diabetes the body cannot convert
• blood into energy.
• food into energy.
• water into energy.
• heat into energy.

18
Reviewing Terms and Facts

• In diabetes the body cannot convert
• blood into energy.
• food into energy.
• water into energy.
• heat into energy.

19
Thinking Critically

• Why do you think weather reports often include
  pollen counts?

20
Thinking Critically

• Why do you think skin cancer is the most common
  form of cancer in the United States?

21
Thinking Critically

• Why do you think heart disease is the number one
  killer in the United States?

22
Thinking Critically

• Why do you think it might be difficult for person
  who has arthritis to play a musical instrument?