Topic: Learning and teaching activities

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Topic Learning and teaching activities

• Objectives
• Making a comparison between traditional learning
  and teaching activities and communicative ones

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Lesson One Making a comparison between
traditional learning and teaching activities and
communicative ones

• Pre-task activities
• Step One Elicit all kinds of classroom
  activities from students
• Step Two Categorize the activities
• While-task activities
• Step Three Tell the characteristics of
  traditional activities and communicative
  activities.
• Step Four Tell the use of different activities
• Post-task activities
• Step Five Give a feedback to students

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Activities and Exercises

• Real communication activities
• Practice communication activities
• Shaping exercises
• Focusing exercises

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Learning and teaching activities

• In the Grammar-translation Method
• In the Direct Method
• In the Audiolingual Method
• In the Communicative Approach
• In the Activities-based Approach

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In the Grammar-translation Method

• Characteristics
• 1.  Grammar is taught in deductive way .
• 2. Grammar analysis, explanation and translation
  serve the purpose of mastering grammatical rules.
  
• 3. Reading and writing are the major focus,
  little or no systematic attention is paid to
  speaking or listening.
• 4.The sentence is the basic unit of language
  teaching and learing.
• 5. Accuracy rather than fluency is emphasized.

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Techniques

• Reading
• Translation
• Deductive teaching of grammar
• Analysis and comparison
• Memorization
• Reading comprehension questions
• Written work

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In the Direct Method

• Characteristics
• 1, The meaning of a new target language word or
  phrase is presented by relating the expression
  directly to objects visual aids, or to familiar
  words in the foreign language wherever possible.
• 2. Grammar was taught inductively.
• 3. correct pronunciation and grammar were
  emphasized.
• 4.Reading and writing exercises are based upon
  what the students practice orally first.
• 5.The target language is used exclusively in the
  language classroom as means of instruction and
  communication. The use of the first language and
  of translation as a technique is completely
  avoided.

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Techniques

• Direct association
• Question and answer exercises
• Conversation practice
• Error correction
• Dictation
• Inductive teaching of grammar
• Listening comprehension tasks
• Graded composition

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In the Audiolingual Method

• Characteristics
• 1.Dialogues and drills form the basis in
  audiolingual classroom practice.
• 2.Grammar is induced from examples, explicit
  grammar rules are not provided.
• 3.Cultural information is contextualized in the
  dialogs or presented by the teacher.
• 4.Reading and written works is based upon the
  oral work they did earlier.
• 5. Use Of language laboratory.

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Techniques

• Repetition drill
• Simple substitution drill
• Transformation drill
• Question-and-answer drill
• Expansion drill
• Clause combination drill
• Backward build-up drill
• Chain drill
• Mini-dialogue
• Completion
• Use of minimal pairs

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In the Communicative Approach

• Characteristics
• 1.Learner-centred
• 2. Use not usage are emphasized
• 3. Oracy 4. Interaction
• 5. Fluency 6. Authenticity
• 7. Discourse 8.Skills integration
• 9. Information gap
• 10. Immediate feedback
• 11. Choice of language
• 12. Eclecticism

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Types of communicative activities

• Functional communicative activities
• Social interactional activities

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Functional communicative activities

• 1.       learners comparing sets of pictures and
  noting similarities
• and differences.
• 2.       Working out a likely sequence of events
  in a set of pictures.
• 3.       Discovering missing features in a map or
  picture
• 4.       Picture strip story
• 5.       Following direction
• 6.       Draw a picture or shape according to
  given instruction.
• 7.       Solving problems from shared clues
• 8.       Scrambled sentences
• 9.       Language games

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Social interactional activities

• 1.       conversation
• 2.       Discussion
• 3.       Dialogue
• 4.       Role play
• 5.       Simulation
• 6.       Skits
• 7.       Improvisation
• 8.       Debates