????????????2000km-3000km?

1
??? ???????
2
??? ???? ??? ??????????????????? ??????????????(???????),??????????(?????????????)?????????????? ???????????????????? ????????????
3
??? ? ?

• ????????????2000km-3000km?
• ???,?????(atmosphere)?
• ????????????
• 1.??? 2.???
• 3.??? 4.??
• 5.????
• ??????????
• 1.??? 2.????

1. Nearness earth 2. Density is the most 3.
Thickness is change 4. Upright and horizontal
move 5. Mostly climate changes happen in
this layer 6.Contain mostly pollutants
4

• ??????????????????
• ???????????????????99.9??,???0.03?CO2?????
• ????????12?,?????????,??10,?????????,??7-8?????
  ??
• ???????

5
1.????(solar radiation) (1)??? ????C(
??200275 nm)????????? ????B(
??275320nm)????????(anti-rachitic
effect)??,??????????????????????(erythema
effect)????????????????????,??????????????????????
????????
6
(No Transcript)
7
???D?????
??

• ????? 7-????? ????
• ?? 25-??????
• ?????D

??
(???D3)
25-???
???
??
???
(25-OH-D3)
?1,25-?????? ?1,25-(OH)2-D3?? ???D?????????
8
????A( ??320400nm)??????????????,???????????(pig
mentation) ?
9
??????????

• ????????????????,????
• ????????????????,??????
• ???250-320?????????????????
• ??????????????????????
• (snow blindness)???????????????
• ????(flash burn)?

• ????????????????,???
• ?????,????????????????

• ?????????????????????????????????????????

10
(2)???(infrared ray)??7601mm????,???????????????
???,??????????,??????,????? ????????????,?????????
? (3)??? (visible light)??400760nm????,?????????
??????,??????????
11
2.?????(air ionization)
???
?? ??

???
e-

???
e-
???
???

e-
???
12
(air ionization) ?????????????(?)??,??????????
????????(?)??,????????????
13

• 3.????(meteorological factor)
• ????????????????
• ???????????????????
• ???????????????????
• ???????????????????
• ??
• ???????????????????
• ??????????????????,
• ??????????????

14
??????????????????????????? ?????????????????,???
????? ??????????????????????????
???????????1?-2???7?-8???,????????????????????????
?????????
15
4???????(indoor microclimate)
???????????????,???? ?????????? ??????????????????
?? ???
???????
? ? ??? ???
? ? ?? ??
??(?) 22-28 16-24
????() 40-80 30-60
???? 0.3 0.2
16
????????? (?)????(air pollution)????
???????????????????????????????(COX?SOX?NOX) ???
??????????????????,????????????? ?????????????S
O2?CO????? ????????????(primary
pollutant)??????(secondary pollutant)
17
(No Transcript)
18

• ????????
• ?????(primary pollutant)????????????,?SO2?H2S?CO
  ?CO2??
• ?????(secondary pollutant)???????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????,?SO3?H2SO4?NO2?HNO3???
  ???????????

19
??????
20

• 1.?????????
• (1)????
• (2)????
• (3)????
• (4)????
• (5)???????

21

• ???????????????????????????????????SO2????
• ??????????(NOX)
• ???????????????????????????

22
(?)???????????? 1???????????????

• ??????
• 1.????
• (1)???????
• ????????????????????????
• ???????????????????????????????

23
????????? ???????? ????????????????,?????????
?,?????????????????????????,?????
24
????????????
25
????????????
(2)???????? ????????????,?????????????????????
??????????????,?????????????????
????????60??????
26

• ???????????????,??????,????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????

27
2??????
????????????
28
???? (1)???????????? (2)?????????????
29
(No Transcript)
30
(No Transcript)
31
???????????? 2005.11.13,13?40???,???????????????
101?(??? )?????????????,?????????? ????????????,??
?????????,????????????????????????????????????????
??? ?????????????5???1???,70????
32
(No Transcript)
33
2004.4.15???????, 2004. 4.16????????, 2004. 4.16
17?57?, 3???????? 2004. 4.18??12??? 2004.
4.18??6?????? ??9????? 15????????
34

• ????
• ????????????????
• ???? (chronic obstructive pulmonary
• diseases, COPD),?????????
• ???????????????
• ???????,?????????
• ?????????????,???????
• ???????????????
• ??????????gt????,??gt???
• ????????????????(a)?
• B(a)P????????????????
• ???,???????
• ????????

35
????????????

• ??????????????????????,????????
• 1998????,????????????,??????,??????????????
• 2002????????????????????????????1.4-1.8mm,??50?
  ????8cm?????,??????????50m??,???????????????,????4
  0?????,?????60?????????,??????????????????

36

• 1985??????????????????????????????,?????????????
  ??????????????????,????????
• ????O3?????1,???????1.3-1.5,?????0.6-0.8?
• 1987?????????????????????(Montreal)???,?????????
  1996???????????,???????10?????????1992???????????
  ????????????
• ????????(Crutzen),???????(Rowland)????(Molina),???
  ??????????????????,??1995????????,????????????????
  ?????

37
(No Transcript)
38

• (1)????
• ???????????
• (2)????(acid rain)
• ????????SO2?NOx?????????????????????
• (3)??????
• ???CO2?????, CO2???????????,??????
• ????????????,(HFCs)??????
• ????PFCs ?SF6 CH4
• ?

39
????????????
(4)?????????? ?????? (CFCs)
??NOX,?????,??????????(CFC-11)???????(CFC-12) ?
???????????????????????????
40
(?)????????????????

• ????(sulfer dioxide,SO2)
• ????????????,SO2?????????,?????3-4??
• ??SO2?IP????????,??????
• SO2?Bap?????,???????????

41

• SO2??????????,???40?????????????????????????????
  ??????
• ??SO2?????????????????????????????COPD?
• SO2???????????????????????
• ???????SO2???????0.5mg/m3,???0.15mg/m3?
• ????

42
1.??????? (1)???????? (2)???????????? (3)SO2?????
???? 2.???? 3.????BaP 4.????(1)?????????
(2)????? (3)??????? ?????(???????
??)???????????(???????? ,?????)????????
43
2?????(nitrogen oxides,NOX)

• ?????????????????
• ??????NO2?NO?
• ????NO2??????,?????NO
• ?????.??????????
• ????1.???????
• 2.??????????????

44
?NOX????,???????????? ??,??????????????????
?????????????????????????,??Hb??????Hb,??Hb????,
?????????????????????????? ????NO2?????0.15mg/m3?
45
(No Transcript)
46
?????? ??????????(GB30951996)????????
NOX????????0.15 mg/m3(????),??????0.10
mg/m3(????)?
47

• 3????
• ???????????????
• ?????????????,??????????????????????????
• (1)??????(total suspende particulates ,TSP)
  ???0.1100µm???????????????,?????????????
• (2)??????(inhalable particulates, 1P)
  ???lt10µm????????????????,????????????,????????????
  ??????

48
????(particulate matter,PM2.5)

• ?????????2.5 µm???,???????????????,???????????????
  ?????????????????0.5mg/m3,???????0.15mg/m3?
• 4???????(photochemical smog)
• ????????????,?????????????????????
• ??????????????,?????????????????
• ????????60?????

49
?????O3?PANS??????????? ??????????????????????? ?
???????????????????? ??? 5?????(PAH)?????????????
????????????????B(a)P??? ??????,?????????????? ??
???B(a)P???????0.01 µg/m3? 6????(dioxins)?????????
,?? PCDD?PCDF??????????????? ???????????????,?????
?
50
???? 1.???? ???95????????????????? 2.????
3.?TCDD?????????3-10 ???????2,3,7,8-????-p????
51
???????????
??????????? ????????????????? 1???(formaldehyde
)????????? ??????????,???????????????????????????
??????????? ?????????????
??????????????? ???????????????
52
2?????????(VOC)???????????,???????????????,???????
?,????????
53

• ????????(volatile organic compounds,
  VOC)???????????????????,???????????(total VOC,
  TVOC)?????VOC?????????????????????????,??????VOCs?
  ?,????VOCs?
• 3?CO. ??????????????????,??????CO????????????????
  ?(HbCO)????????

54
(No Transcript)
55
4????????????,???? 15-40?? 5?????????????????? ?
????????????????? (dust mites)???????????? (?)???
???????? ????????????????????? ?????,?????????????
? ???
56
????
????
???????
????
????
57
???????????????????? ????????????
CO2????????? ?????????? SO2?CO?NO2??????B(a)P?PM1
0?TVOC? ???????????? ?????? ????????????????????
?????????????????(GB/T18883-2002)??????????????
??(GB/T18203-2000)?
58
?????????????
?? ??? ??
????????
????(CO2) 0.10 ???
???? 2500 cfu/m3 ??????
??? 30 m3/h? ?????
???????
????(SO2) 0.50 mg/m3 1h??
????(CO) 10 mg/m3 1h??
????(NO2) 0.24 mg/m3 1h??
??(HCHO) 0.10 mg/m3 1h??
?(C6H6) 0.11 mg/m3 1h??
??a??B(a)P? 1.0 mg/m3 ???
??????(PM10) 0.15 mg/m3 ???
???????(TVOC) 0.60 mg/m3 8h??
?????????
?????? 36 cfu/m3 ??????
?????????
?(222Rn) 400 Bq/m3 ???
59
CO2????????????????, ??????????????????? ??0.10
? ???????????????????? ??????2500cfu/m3,?????PM10
?? 0.15mg/m3? (????,?????) ??????????? ??????????
???????? ????????? ??????????????(air
Pollution index,API)??????????? ???SO2?NOX?TSP?
60
THE END