Industrialization

1
Industrialization
2
The Steel Horse

• Five main lines
• Great Northern
• Northern Pacific
• Central/Union Pacific
• Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe
• Southern Pacific

3
(No Transcript)
4
(No Transcript)
5
(No Transcript)
6
(No Transcript)
7
Significance and impact.
8
A double-edged sword??

• s
• Speed and mobility.
• Town growers.
• Populating the West.
• Creation of corporations.
• Employment of thousands.
• Time

• ------------s
• Led to the destruction of Native-American culture
  in the Plains.
• Creation of Trusts etc. (greed)
• Buffalo
• Exploitation of Chinese and Irish

9
Stanford and Carnegie
10
Personalities

• Railroads, banking, inventions, oil and steel.
• Business practices directed at maintaining a
  monopoly
• stock watering, bribery, cutthroat tactics,
  pool, interlocking directorates,
  vertical/horizontal integration, trust,
  interlocking directorates.

11
Rockefeller and Morgan
12
Greed is Good

• Rags to riches stories. Horatio Algier. Poor
  Henry.
• Gospel of Wealth
• Social Darwinism
• Deepening class struggles and the division of
  wealth.
• Becoming fertile ground for-----????

13
(No Transcript)
14
Government attempts at Regulation.

• Interstate Commerce Act of 1887.
• Regulate the railroads. Prohibited rebates and
  pools.
• Publish rates openly. No discrimination.
• Created the Interstate Commerce Commission.
• Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890
• Attempt to curb monopolies.No restraint of trade.
  Ineffectual due to loopholes.

15
Impact of Industrialization

• Industry moves to the South.
• Immigrants, the poor, women and children.

16

17
Labor fights back

• The Union.
• Union weapons
• strike, boycott, walkout, closed-shop.
• Corporate weapons
• scabs, strikebreakers, police and the courts,
  lockouts, yellow-dog contracts, blacklists,
  company towns.

18
Early Labor Movement

• National Labor Union (1866)
• Won the 8 hour day for govt workers. Hurt by
  the depression of the 1870s.
• Knights of Labor
• An injury to one is the concern of all.
  Allowed skilled and unskilled labor.

19
(No Transcript)
20
Haymarket Square Bombing--1886

• IWPA strike in Chicago.. 8-hr day
• Protest rallyanarchists.
• Bomb explodes killing several and wounding over
  100.
• Eight arrested. 4 hung.
• Justice???
• "The day will come when our silence will be more
  powerful than the voices you are throttling
  today."

21
Homestead Strike--1892

• Carnegie and steel.
• Reformer in his own eyes.
• Economic downturn.
• Violence

22
(No Transcript)
23
Pullman Strike -1894

• American Railway Union.
• Federal angle.
• Eugene V. Debs

24
American Federation of Labor

• Samuel Gompers
• Self-governing national unions.
• Sought better working conditions, pay and hours.
• Very effective.
• Only allowed skilled labor.
• Labor Day, 1894

25
Bertrand Russell

• Advocates of capitalism are very apt to appeal
  to the sacred principles of liberty, which are
  embodied in one maxim The fortunate must not be
  restrained in the exercise of tyranny over the
  unfortunate
• Assess the validity of this quote using the
  provided documents and your knowledge of the time
  period 1870-1900.

26
Bertrand Russell

• Advocates of capitalism are very apt to appeal
  to the sacred principles of liberty, which are
  embodied in one maxim The fortunate must not be
  restrained in the exercise of tyranny over the
  unfortunate.
• Assess the validity of this quote using the
  provided documents and your knowledge of the time
  period 1870-1900.