??????????? ?? ??? ????????? ?????????? Hyper-Threading ? ??????? OpenMP - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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??????????? ?? ??? ????????? ?????????? Hyper-Threading ? ??????? OpenMP

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Hyper-Threading OpenMP Intel Threading Toolkit – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: ??????????? ?? ??? ????????? ?????????? Hyper-Threading ? ??????? OpenMP

1
??????????? ?? ??? ????????? ??????????
Hyper-Threading? ??????? OpenMP ?Intel
Threading Toolkit
?????? ???????? maxim.perminov_at_intel.com??????
????? ??, ?????????? Intel
2
??????????

?????????? Hyper-Threading ???????????????
OpenMP
???? ?????? ????????? ?? OpenMP
???? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ?? OpenMP
??????????? ?????????????????? ? ??????? Intel
Threading Toolkit

3
??? ???????? ?????????? HT
?????????? ??????????
?????????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??
?????????? ????????? ????????????? ????????
?? ??????
?????
?????? 1 ?????? 2 ?????? 3
??? Hyper-Threading
????? 2
????? 1
?????? ????????????? ???????? ? ????? ???????
?????????????????? ????????? ???? ????????????
?????????????? ???????
4
?????????? ???? ?????????? ?? ????????? ???????

???? ????????? ???????????????
????????????????? ??????
????????????????? ??????
???? ????????? ???????????????
????? ???????????????? (C, Java)
API / ?????????? (Win32, P-??????, MPI)
?????????? ?????? ???????????????? (OpenMP)

OpenMP ????????? ???????? ????????????????? ?????
? ??????
5
??? ????? OpenMP?

?????????? ??????????? ??? ???????
?????????????????
?? ?????? ??? C/C
??? ??????????
pragma (????????? ???????????) ????? ??????
API ? ?????????? Runtime
?????????? ?????????
????????????
?????? ???? ????????????? Hyper-Threading
????????????? ? ??????????????
??????????? ?????????????????
??????????? ??????????? ??????????????

6
?????? ????????????????

?????????????? ???? ????????????-??????????
???????? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????????????
???????
?????? ??????? ??????????? ? ????? ???????
?????????????????
??? ?????? (??????????) ????????? ???????????? ??
?????????
????????????????? ????? ???????????? ??? ?? ?????
???????????????? ????????? ??????????????? ?
????????????

???????? ?????
?????? ???????
??????? ?????????????????
7
???? ?????? ????????? ?? OpenMP

??? ?????? OpenMP ?????????? ? omp
?????? parallel ????????? ?????? ?? n ???????
??? ?????? ??????????? n ???!
??? ?????? ???????????? ?????????!

void func() int a, b, c, d a a b c
c d
void func() int a, b, c, d pragma omp
parallel a a b c c d
8
?????????? 1 Hello OpenMP

??????????? ???
???????? ?????? PrimeHT.dsp
????????????? ? ?????????, ????????? ???????????
?????????? Microsoft
????????????? ? ?????????, ????????? ??????????
Intel Compiler ???????? ??????????
Hello OpenMP
??????? ? PrimeHT.cpp ????, ???????? ???????? ??
??????????????????
???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????????????????
OpenMP
???????? ??? ???????? ??? ???????
?????????????????
???????? ? Intel Compiler ????????? OpenMP
????? /Qopenmp
????????????? ? ?????????
?????? ????????? ???????????

9
???????????? ????? ???????

??????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ??????
???????
?????? sections ??????????? ????????????? ??????

void func() int a, b, c, d pragma omp
parallel pragma omp sections pragma
omp section a a b //one thread pragma
omp section c c d //another thread
10
??????, ??????????? ??????

??????, ??????????? ??????, ????? ?????????? ?
??????? parallel

void func() int a, b, c, d pragma omp
parallel sections pragma omp section a
a b //one thread pragma omp section c c
d //another thread

??? ???????, ????????????? ???????????

pragma omp parallel sections pragma omp
section do_compress() pragma omp
section do_encrypt()
pragma omp parallel sections?????????????????
?? ?????? ???????!
11
?????????? 2 Parallel Sections

???????? ???????? ???? ?? ???
????????, from .. to/2 ? to/2 .. to
?????????? ????? ??????? ? ??????????? parallel
sections
????????? ?????? ??????? ? ???? ??????
????????????? ? ????????? (???????????)
????????? ?????????

12
?????????? ?????? ?? ??????

?????? for ??????????? ????? ???????
???? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???
????? ??????, ??? ???????? ? ??????????? ????????

void func() int aN, sum 0 pragma omp
parallel for for (int i 0 i lt N i) sum
ai
pragma omp parallel for????????????????? ??
?????? ??????!
13
?????????? 3 Parallel For

???????????? ???? ???????? ????
from .. to
?????????? ????? ??????? ? ??????????? parallel
for
????????????? ? ?????????
????????? ?????????

14
??????? ?????????? ??????????

??????? ??????? 1 ??? ??????????, ????????????
??? omp parallel, ???????? ??????????? ??? ????
???????
??????? ??????? 2 ??? ??????????, ????????????
?????? omp parallel, ???????? ?????????? ???
??????? ??????
??????? ?????????? ? ?????? omp for, ???????
????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????
????? ??????? 1 ??????????, ??????????? ?
shared(), ???????? ??????????? ??? ???? ???????
????? ??????? 2 ??????????, ??????????? ?
private(), ???????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ??????

15
????? ?????????? ?????????, ? ????? ???????????
void func() int a, i pragma omp parallel for
\ shared(c) private(d, e) for (i 0 i lt
N i) int b, c, d, e a a b c c d
e
16
?????????? 4 ??????? ???????? ??????????

? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??????????
??????? ???????? ?????????? ? ???????? ?????
????????????? ? ?????????
????????? ?????????

17
???????? ?????????????
??????? ??????????
??? C
mov eax, sum add eax, 1 mov sum, eax
sum
?????
????? 1eax
????? 2eax
s
????? 1 ?????????
????? 1 ?????????
????
s
s
s
t0
mov eax, sum
mov eax, sum
add eax, 1
add eax, 1
s1
s
s1
t1
t2
mov sum, eax
s1
s1
s1
t3
s1
mov sum, eax
s1
?? ??, ??? ?? ???????!
18
?????? ?????????????

pragma omp single ????????? ????????? ???????
?????? ? ??????? ?????? (??????????) ??????
pragma omp barrier ?????????? ?????? ? ????
?????, ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????
pragma omp atomic ???????? ????????? ?????????
???????? ??????? ? ?????? (?.?. ??? ?????????? ??
?????? ??????)
pragma omp critical ??? ?????? ?????????
?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ? ??????????
????????? ???????

int aN, sum 0 pragma omp parallel for for
(int i 0 i lt N i) pragma omp
critical sum ai // one thread at a time
19
?????????? 5 ?????????????

??? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????????????
??????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????????
????????????? ? ?????????

20
?????????? 6 ??????????????

???????? ? ??????????? ?????????????? OpenMP
/Qopenmp_profile
????????????? ?????
???????? ?????? Intel Thread Profiler ???
PrimeHT.exe ??????? ??? ????????? ?? ?????????
????????? Intel VTune Performance Analyzer
New Project Threading Toolkit Thread Analyzer
Wizard ????????? Number of Threads 2
????????? ?????? ??????????????
?????????? ????????? ? ????? Summary, Threads,
Regions

21
omp for schedule ?????

schedule ??????????, ??? ???? ????? ?????????????
?????? ???????
?????????? ????? ????? ???????????????? ??????
????????? ?????? ???????? ???????
??????????? ?????????????? ?????, ??????????? ??
????????? ?????

schedule(static)
schedule(guided, f)
???? ?????
schedule(dynamic, c)
C
N/2
N
f
22
?????????? 7 ????????????

???????????????? ????? ????????????
????????????? ? ????????????????
????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ???
??????????? ?????????????? ???????? ?? ?????????
?????

23
????????

????? ?? ??????? ?????, ??? ???????????????? ???
??????? ? ?????? ?????? ???????????
????????????
??????? ?????????? ? ?????? ??????
??? ????????? ?????????????? ???????? ??? ???????
?????????? ??????????? (???????? ? ??????) ?
?????
???????? ???????? , , -, , , , ,

int aN, sum 0 pragma omp parallel for
reduction( sum) for (int i 0 i lt N
i) sum ai // no synchronization
needed
24
?????????? 8 ????????

??????????? ?????? reduction, ????? ??????????
?? ????????????? ? ????????? ? ??? ??????????????
????????
????????????? ? ?????????????
??????????? ????????????????? ?????? ? ?????????
????????????? ??????
???????????!

25
?????? OpenMP ?? ???????

???????? ??????, ????????? ?????? ???????
omp parallel
??????, ??????????? ?????? (????? ?????????? ?
??????? parallel)
omp sections
omp for
???????? ??? ?????, ??????????? ??????
private, shared, reduction ??????? ????????
??????????
schedule ?????????? ?????????????
?????? ?????????????
omp critical ??? ??????
omp barrier

26
???????
pragma omp parallel for private(cand, max_div,
div) \ reduction( counter, count31) \
schedule(guided, 10) for (cand from
cand lt to cand 2) prime
true max_div ((long)sqrt((double)cand))
1 ...
??? ??? ????????? ??? ????????????
????????????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?
???????? ???!
27
??? ??? ???? ? OpenMP?

?????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ????????
?????????? ? ?? ?????????????
????? ??????? ?????? ?????????????
OpenMP API ? ?????????? ?????????
???????? ?????????? ???????
?????? ?????????????? ?????????????
?????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????????? ???????
??????????, ??????????? ??? Intel ? ???? ??
?????????????????
????????????? ? Win32 ? P-????????
? www.openmp.org

28
??????? ??? ?????????? ??????

??? ????? ??????? ????????????? ???????, ??
?????????????? ? ????? ??????? ??????

struct Node int data Node next Node
head for (Node p head p ! NULL p
p-gtnext) process(p-gtdata)
Node p pragma intel omp taskq shared(p) for (p
head p ! NULL p p-gtnext) //only 1
thrd pragma intel omp task process(p-gtdata)
// queue task to be executed // on any
available thread
29
????? ? ??????

?????????? Hyper-Threading ????????
?????????????????? ?????????? ??? ????? ??????
????????
?????????? HT ???????? ??????? ?? ????????
?????????? ??
??? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? HT,
?????????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????????!
??????????? OpenMP ??? ??????? ??????????
????????????????? ?????? ??????????!
??? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????????????
??????????? Intel Threading Tools

30
???????? ???????

? developer.intel.com/software/products/compilers
/
? www.openmp.org
??????????? Intel Compiler User Guide

31
??????? ?? ????????!
??????????, ?? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ??????
developer.intel.com
32
?????????????? ?????????
33
????????????? ?????????????????
??????? ????????????????? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ????????
??????? ????????????????, ??????? ?????????????? ??????????,???????????? ????????? ????????. Intel NetBurst(????????????????, ??????????????, ?????????????) ?????????????
?????? SIMD MMX, SSE, SSE2 ??????? ????????
??????, ????? ????????? ??????????? SMP ????
34
????? Intel Compiler??? ??????????????? ?
OpenMP

?????????????? ?????????????????
/Qparallel
????????? OpenMP
/Qopenmp
/Qopenmp_report012

35
???????? ???????

??????????????????? (MP)
?????????? ?????????? ??? ?????????
?????????????????? ?? ???? ?????????? ?????
???????????
?????????? Hyper-Threading (HT)
?????????? ?????????? ??? ?????????
?????????????????? ?? ???? ????? ????????????
????????????? ???????? ??????????
??????????????? (MT)
??????????? ?????????? ??? ?????????
???????????????? ? ?????????????????? ?? ?? ????
????????????? ?????????? (??????????) ???????????

36
HT - ??????????, ??????? ???????
????????? ???????????
Hyper-Threading
?????????? HT ???????? ??????????????????
?????????? ????????? ??????? ?????????????
????????
37
?????????? HT ??? ??????
????????? ????????? ???????
?????? ????????? ??????
Instruction TLB
Return Stack Predictor
Trace Cache Next IP
Trace Cache Fill Buffers
??????? ??????????? ?????????
?????????? HT ???????? ??????????????????
?????????? ??? ??????????? ????????
38
HT ????????????? ???????????