Minerals

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Minerals
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Minerals are pure substances.
Hematite
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with definite atomic structures.
Diamond and Graphite are both made out of the
element CARBON (C).
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Minerals are

• Solid substances
• Crystal structure
• From nature
• Inorganic (NOT from living thing)

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Rocks are a mixture of minerals and other
substances.

• This cookie
• represents a rock.
• The nuts and
• chocolate chips
• would represent
• the minerals.

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Minerals can have more than one element.
Sulfur (S)
Halite Sodium (Na) and Chlorine (Cl)
When two or more elements are bonded together,
it is called a COMPOUND.
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Types of minerals

• There are two major types of minerals
• Silicate minerals contain a combination of
  silicon and oxygen.
• 90 of the Earths crust are silicate minerals
• An example is quartz.
• Nonsilicate minerals do not have a combination of
  silicon and oxygen.
• Examples include iron and sulfur.

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Crystalline structure is the geometric pattern of
atoms.
Atomic arrangement
hexagonal
quartz
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There are 8 main crystal shapes.

• 1. Isometric2. Tetragonal3. Orthorhombic4.
  Orthorhombic5. Orthorhombic6. Monoclinic7.
  Triclinic8. Hexagonal

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Minerals are identified by their properties, such
as

• Color
• Luster
• Hardness
• Streak
• Cleavage
• Fracture
• Density
• Other (florescence, magnetism)

Copper (Cu)
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Colors are a clue, but colors can be misleading.
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Luster is the way it reflects light.
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Hardness is the resistance to scratching.
Moh's Hardness Scale
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Streak is the color of the powder (mark) left on
a streak plate.
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Cleavage. A mineral has cleavage if it breaks
along a flat surface.
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Some minerals fracture - no regular pattern of
breaking. (like a fractured bone)
quartz
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Density how much matter (mass) in the amount of
volume (space).

• The bones below have the same volume but
  different densities.

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Fluorescence is the ability to glow in the dark.
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There are other characteristics, too.
magnetite
cuprosklodowskite
Magnetism
Radioactivity
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What makes minerals gems?

• Gems are rare and expensive.

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What makes them ores?

• Minerals are ores when there is enough to make
  it worth mining.

Iron Ore
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Mineral Uses
,                                              

Anything not grown has been mined
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In your TV

• Minerals in Your Television
• Chromite plating
• Wolframite monitor
• Copper wiring
• Quartz electronics
• Silver

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Beware. Mines are dangerous places!