The Nervous System

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The Nervous System

• Sydnee Weinberg
• Mike Ramella
• Andora Leung
• Kunal Saxena

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Cerebrum
Cerebrum

• Responsible for
• Perception
• Imagination
• Thought
• Judgement
• Decision

http//www.wiredtowinthemovie.com/images/hotspots/
level04cerebrum.jpg
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• Motor Cortex
• Control and movement of mouth and face
• Controls motion of legs and feet

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Hemispheres

• Responsible for
• Math
• Logic
• Spatial Orientation
• Facial Recognition
• Body Image
• Appreciation for art and music

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Left Side
Right Side
-judging the position of things in space
-knowing body position -understanding and
remembering things we do and see -putting bits
of information together to make an entire picture
-controls the left side of the body
-understanding and use of language (listening,
reading, speaking and writing) -memory for
spoken and written messages -detailed analysis
of information -controls the right side of the
body
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Left Brain Damage
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Right Brain Damage
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Temporal Lobe

• Responsible for
• Speech
• Memory
• Hearing
• Vision

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Occipital Lobe

• Responsible for
• Controling vision
• Color recognition

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Parietal Lobe

• Responsible for
• Integrating sensory information from various
  parts of the body
• Knowledge of numbers and their relations
• The manipulation of objects

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Somatosensory Cortex
http//www.artbrain.org/phantomlimb/mcGonigle/McGo
nigle_3.jpg
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Frontal Lobe
http//www.neuroskills.com/tbi/frontalflash.html

• Responsible for
• Motor function
• Problem solving
• Spontaneity
• Memory
• Language
• Initiation
• Judgement
• Impulse control
• Social/Sexual behavior

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Cerebellum
http//www.neuroskills.com/tbi/cerebellumflash.htm
l

• Responsible for
• The integration of sensory perception
• Regulation and coordination of voluntary motor
  movement.
• The maintenance of posture and balance.

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Medulla Oblongata

• Responsible for
• Controlling heart rate
• Constriction and dilation of blood vessels
• Respiration
• Digestion

Reflex center for vomiting, coughing, sneezing,
swallowing, and hiccupping
http//www.geocities.com/aggelopolis/medulla_oblon
gata2.jpg
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Function of a Neuron in Impulse Transmission

• Transmits information within the nervous system

http//www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/anatomy/
brain/gifs/Neuron.GIF
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Head Injury and Treatment
Head Injury- any trauma that leads to injury of
the scalp, skull, or brain

• Penetrating trauma- when objects such as
  screwdrivers, knives, or any sharp objects,
  penetrate the skull.
• Blunt head trauma-the result from direct blow, or
  from a rapid deceleration force, such as a fall
  or a car accident.
• -Serious head injuries may cause
• Changes in personality, emotions, or mental
  abilities
• Concussions
• Speech and language problems
• Loss of sensation, hearing, vision, taste, or
  smell
• Seizures
• Paralysis
• Coma

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• External Head Injuries
• External head injury- most commonly, trauma to
  the scalp

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Symptoms

• Head and neck pain
• Minor head injuries may result to headache or
  dizziness.
• Sensation of spinning or light-headedness.
• Some people also may have mild confusion,
• Nausea
• Become more irritable.
• Swelling

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Treatments

• Ice should be applied
• Bed rest
• Fluids
• A mild pain reliever such as aspirin or
  acetaminophen (Tylenol), if necessary
• If there is a cut, an immunization would be given
  if needed to prevent tetanus

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Internal Head Injuries Internal head injury- may
involve the skull, the blood vessels within the
skull, or the brain.
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Symptoms

• unconsciousness
• abnormal breathing
• obvious serious wound or fracture
• bleeding or clear fluid from the nose, ear, or
  mouth
• disturbance of speech or vision
• pupils of unequal size
• weakness or paralysis
• dizziness
• neck pain or stiffness
• seizures
• vomiting more than two times
• loss of bladder control

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Treatments

• if necessary to relieve pressure, surgery must be
  done to decompress the brain
• If there's swelling, apply an ice pack or cold
  pack
• If there's bleeding, apply a sterile bandage
• Call for help if person lost consciousness, or
  vomits more than once
• If there is a spinal injury, do not move the body

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Etiologies, Symptoms, Treatment of Brain Abscesses

• Brain abscess is a focal infection, which begins
  when organisms are inoculated into the brain
  parenchyma, usually from a site distant from the
  central nervous system (CNS).

• The 3 mechanisms of entry
• Direct Extension
• Hematogenous
• Following penetrating head injury or neurosurgery
  
• The mortality rate from brain abscess is
  currently approximately 10.

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Treatment

• The increased intracranial pressure and starting
  intravenous antibiotics
• Surgical drainage of the abscess

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Bibliography

• http//www.brainhealthandpuzzles.com/brain_parts_f
  unction.html
• http//webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/genpsycerebrum.htm
  l
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parietal_lobe
• http//www.brainhealthandpuzzles.com/brain_parts_f
  unction.html
• http//www.brainhealthandpuzzles.com/brain_injury.
  html
• http//www.brainhealthandpuzzles.com/brain_disease
  _information.html
• http//www.tpub.com/content/medical/14295/css/1429
  5_47.htm
• http//www.emedicine.com/EMERG/topic67.htm
• http//www.drugresearcher.com/Emerging-targets/Gen
  etic-defect-causes-inability-to-feel-pain
• http//webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/genpsycerebrum.htm
  l
• http//www.neuroskills.com/tbi/bfrontal.shtml
• http//www.neuroskills.com/tbi/pr-humor.shtml
• http//www.waiting.com/frontallobe.html
• http//www.waiting.com/brainfunction.htmlanchor31
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