Chapter 24

1
Chapter 24 The Urinary System
Urine Town
The Glomerulus
Kidney Tubules
Urine Kidneying
Hodgepodge
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FINAL ROUND
2
The Glomerulus 100 Question

• What is the composition of the filtrate in the
  capsular space?
• a. Like urine, only more concentrated
• b. Similar to water
• c. Like urine, only less concentrated
• d. Similar to plasma, only no proteins

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
3
The Glomerulus 100 Answer

• What is the composition of the filtrate in the
  capsular space?
• a. Like urine, only more concentrated
• b. Similar to water
• c. Like urine, only less concentrated
• d. Similar to plasma, only no proteins

BACK TO GAME
4
The Glomerulus 200 Question

• What nephron structures are involved in
  filtration?
• a. PCT, lamina densa, and descending loop of
  Henle.
• b. Filtration slits of the podocytes and PCT
• c. Glomerular capillaries, lamina densa, and
  filtration slits of the podocytes
• d. Glomerular capillaries and PCT

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
5
The Glomerulus 200 Answer

• What nephron structures are involved in
  filtration?
• a. PCT, lamina densa, and descending loop of
  Henle.
• b. Filtration slits of the podocytes and PCT
• c. Glomerular capillaries, lamina densa, and
  filtration slits of the podocytes
• d. Glomerular capillaries and PCT

BACK TO GAME
6
The Glomerulus 300 Question

• Why dont plasma proteins pass into the capsular
  space under normal circumstances?
• a. Glomerular capillary pores are too small.
• b. Glomerular blood pressure is too low.
• c. Glomerular filtration rate is too low.
• d. Glomerular blood flow it too slow.

ANSWER
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7
The Glomerulus 300 Answer

• Why dont plasma proteins pass into the capsular
  space under normal circumstances?
• a. Glomerular capillary pores are too small.
• b. Glomerular blood pressure is too low.
• c. Glomerular filtration rate is too low.
• d. Glomerular blood flow it too slow.

BACK TO GAME
8
The Glomerulus 400 Question

• What is the role of capsular hydrostatic pressure
  (CsHP)?
• a. Pushes water and solutes out of plasma into
  the filtrate
• b. Draws water out of the filtrate and into
  plasma
• c. Pushes water and solutes out the filtrate into
  plasma
• d. Regulates blood pressure

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
9
The Glomerulus 400 Answer

• What is the role of capsular hydrostatic pressure
  (CsHP)?
• a. Pushes water and solutes out of plasma into
  the filtrate
• b. Draws water out of the filtrate and into
  plasma
• c. Pushes water and solutes out the filtrate into
  plasma
• d. Regulates blood pressure

BACK TO GAME
10
The Glomerulus 500 Question

• Why are glomerular pressures higher than pressure
  in other capillaries?
• a. The efferent arteriole has a smaller diameter
  than the afferent arteriole, increasing
  resistance.
• b. Sodium content of the filtrate increases
  pressure.
• c. E and NE cause increased glomerular pressure.
• d. The length of the afferent arteriole is longer
  than the efferent arteriole.

ANSWER
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11
The Glomerulus 500 Answer

• Why are glomerular pressures higher than pressure
  in other capillaries?
• a. The efferent arteriole has a smaller diameter
  than the afferent arteriole, increasing
  resistance.
• b. Sodium content of the filtrate increases
  pressure.
• c. E and NE cause increased glomerular pressure.
• d. The length of the afferent arteriole is longer
  than the efferent arteriole.

BACK TO GAME
12
Kidney Tubules 100 Question

• What effect does decreased Na concentration of
  filtrate have on the pH of tubular fluid?
• a. Tubular fluid pH will be higher.
• b. Tubular fluid pH will be lower.
• c. There is not an effect on pH.
• d. Tubular fluid neutral, pH 7

ANSWER
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13
Kidney Tubules 100 Answer

• What effect does decreased Na concentration of
  filtrate have on the pH of tubular fluid?
• a. Tubular fluid pH will be higher.
• b. Tubular fluid pH will be lower.
• c. There is not an effect on pH.
• d. Tubular fluid neutral, pH 7

BACK TO GAME
14
Kidney Tubules 200 Question

• Why is the presence of microvilli important to
  the epithelial tissue of the PCT?
• a. Because reabsorption is occurring
• b. Because filtration is occurring
• c. Because secretion of toxins and ions is
  occurring
• d. Because urine elimination
• is occurring

ANSWER
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15
Kidney Tubules 200 Answer

• Why is the presence of microvilli important to
  the epithelial tissue of the PCT?
• a. Because reabsorption is occurring
• b. Because filtration is occurring
• c. Because secretion of toxins and ions is
  occurring
• d. Because urine elimination
• is occurring

BACK TO GAME
16
Kidney Tubules 300 Question

• How does the diameter of the lumen of the loop of
  Henle change along its length?
• a. The lumen is widest near the PCT.
• b. The lumen is the same diameter along its
  length.
• c. The lumen is narrower where water reabsorption
  is occurring.
• d. None of these is correct.

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
17
Kidney Tubules 300 Answer

• How does the diameter of the lumen of the loop of
  Henle change along its length?
• a. The lumen is widest near the PCT.
• b. The lumen is the same diameter along its
  length.
• c. The lumen is narrower where water reabsorption
  is occurring.
• d. None of these is correct.

BACK TO GAME
18
Kidney Tubules 400 Question

• Why does a decrease in Na in the distal
  convoluted tubule lead to an increase in blood
  pressure?
• a. Because it decreases water content in blood
• b. Because it increases renin production
• c. Because it increases filtration rate
• d. Because it increases water loss through kidneys

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
19
Kidney Tubules 400 Answer

• Why does a decrease in Na in the distal
  convoluted tubule lead to an increase in blood
  pressure?
• a. Because it decreases water content in blood
• b. Because it increases renin production
• c. Because it increases filtration rate
• d. Because it increases water loss through kidneys

BACK TO GAME
20
Kidney Tubules 500 Question

• Why does osmotic concentration decrease in the
  thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle?
• a. Urea is transported out of the tubule.
• b. Na and CI- are actively transported out of
  the tubular fluid.
• c. The thick ascending limb is permeable to
  water.
• d. A and B are correct.

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
21
Kidney Tubules 500 Answer

• Why does osmotic concentration decrease in the
  thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle?
• a. Urea is transported out of the tubule.
• b. Na and CI- are actively transported out of
  the tubular fluid.
• c. The thick ascending limb is permeable to
  water.
• d. A and B are correct.

BACK TO GAME
22
"Urine Kidneying" 100 Question

• Which structures exit at the hilum of the kidney?
• a. Renal artery and nerves
• b. Renal vein and ureter
• c. Renal capsule and renal sinus
• d. A and B are correct

ANSWER
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23
"Urine Kidneying" 100 Answer

• Which structures exit at the hilum of the kidney?
• a. Renal artery and nerves
• b. Renal vein and ureter
• c. Renal capsule and renal sinus
• d. A and B are correct

BACK TO GAME
24
"Urine Kidneying" 200 Question

• An obstruction of a ureter by a kidney stone
  limits the flow of urine between which two
  points?
• a. Ureter and urethra
• b. Renal medulla and renal pelvis
• c. Renal medulla and urethra
• d. Renal pelvis and urinary bladder

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
25
"Urine Kidneying" 200 Answer

• An obstruction of a ureter by a kidney stone
  limits the flow of urine between which two
  points?
• a. Ureter and urethra
• b. Renal medulla and renal pelvis
• c. Renal medulla and urethra
• d. Renal pelvis and urinary bladder

BACK TO GAME
26
"Urine Kidneying" 300 Question

• The ability to control the micturition reflex
  depends on the ability to control which muscle?
• a. Urogenital diaphragm
• b. Internal urinary sphincter
• c. External urinary sphincter
• d. Coccygeus

ANSWER
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27
"Urine Kidneying" 300 Answer

• The ability to control the micturition reflex
  depends on the ability to control which muscle?
• a. Urogenital diaphragm
• b. Internal urinary sphincter
• c. External urinary sphincter
• d. Coccygeus

BACK TO GAME
28
"Urine Kidneying" 400 Question

• Mary has had a urinalysis that indicates a high
  level of bilirubin. What condition may she have?
• a. Liver disease
• b. Anorexia
• c. Ketonuria
• d. Renal infection

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
29
"Urine Kidneying" 400 Answer

• Mary has had a urinalysis that indicates a high
  level of bilirubin. What condition may she have?
• a. Liver disease
• b. Anorexia
• c. Ketonuria
• d. Renal infection

BACK TO GAME
30
"Urine Kidneying" 500 Question

• What effect does eating a high-protein diet have
  on the composition of urine?
• a. Increased urea
• b. Increased potassium
• c. Increased fluid volume
• d. A and C are correct

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
31
"Urine Kidneying" 500 Answer

• What effect does eating a high-protein diet have
  on the composition of urine?
• a. Increased urea
• b. Increased potassium
• c. Increased fluid volume
• d. A and C are correct

BACK TO GAME
32
"Urine Town" 100 Question

• Which portion of a nephron is not in the renal
  cortex?
• a. Proximal convoluted tubule
• b. Distal convoluted tubule
• c. Collecting duct
• d. Loop of Henle

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
33
"Urine Town" 100 Answer

• Which portion of a nephron is not in the renal
  cortex?
• a. Proximal convoluted tubule
• b. Distal convoluted tubule
• c. Collecting duct
• d. Loop of Henle

BACK TO GAME
34
"Urine Town" 200 Question

• Damage to which part of the nephron interferes
  with hormonal control of blood pressure?
• a. Bowmans capsule
• b. Juxtaglomerular apparatus
• c. PCT
• d. Loop of Henle

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
35
"Urine Town" 200 Answer

• Damage to which part of the nephron interferes
  with hormonal control of blood pressure?
• a. Bowmans capsule
• b. Juxtaglomerular apparatus
• c. PCT
• d. Loop of Henle

BACK TO GAME
36
"Urine Town" 300 Question

• What event occurs when the plasma concentration
  of a substance exceeds its tubular maximum?
• a. Glomerular blood pressure increases.
• b. Filtration shuts down.
• c. Excess is excreted in urine.
• d. Glomerular osmotic pressure decreases.

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
37
"Urine Town" 300 Answer

• What event occurs when the plasma concentration
  of a substance exceeds its tubular maximum?
• a. Glomerular blood pressure increases.
• b. Filtration shuts down.
• c. Excess is excreted in urine.
• d. Glomerular osmotic pressure decreases.

BACK TO GAME
38
"Urine Town" 400 Question

• How would the absence of juxtamedullary nephrons
  affect the volume of urine and its osmotic
  concentration?
• a. Decrease volume decrease osmotic
  concentration
• b. Decrease volume increase osmotic
  concentration
• c. Increase volume decrease osmotic
  concentration
• d. Increase volume increase osmotic concentration

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
39
"Urine Town" 400 Answer

• How would the absence of juxtamedullary nephrons
  affect the volume of urine and its osmotic
  concentration?
• a. Decrease volume decrease osmotic
  concentration
• b. Decrease volume increase osmotic
  concentration
• c. Increase volume decrease osmotic
  concentration
• d. Increase volume increase osmotic concentration

BACK TO GAME
40
"Urine Town" 500 Question

• Where is concentration of urine the greatest?
  Why?
• a. In the PCT / The PCT is where most
  reabsorption is occurring.
• b. In the medulla / Concentrating mechanism
  relies on osmosis
• c. In the DCT / Water diffuses out
• d. The glomerulus / It has highest concentration
  of solutes.

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
41
"Urine Town" 500 Answer

• Where is concentration of urine the greatest?
  Why?
• a. In the PCT / The PCT is where most
  reabsorption is occurring.
• b. In the medulla / Concentrating mechanism
  relies on osmosis
• c. In the DCT / Water diffuses out
• d. The glomerulus / It has highest concentration
  of solutes.

BACK TO GAME
42
Hodgepodge 100 Question

• Where does urine production begin?
• a. Renal artery
• b. Minor calyces
• c. Nephron
• d. Collecting duct

ANSWER
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43
Hodgepodge 100 Answer

• Where does urine production begin?
• a. Renal artery
• b. Minor calyces
• c. Nephron
• d. Collecting duct

BACK TO GAME
44
Hodgepodge 200 Question

• How are cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons
  structurally different?
• a. Cortical nephrons are surrounded by vasa
  recta.
• b. Cortical nephrons have very short PCTs.
• c. Juxtamedullary nephrons have longer loops of
  Henle.
• d. All of the above are differences.

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
45
Hodgepodge 200 Answer

• How are cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons
  structurally different?
• a. Cortical nephrons are surrounded by vasa
  recta.
• b. Cortical nephrons have very short PCTs.
• c. Juxtamedullary nephrons have longer loops of
  Henle.
• d. All of the above are differences.

BACK TO GAME
46
Hodgepodge 300 Question

• What effect does an increased amount of
  aldosterone have on K concentration of urine?
• a. K Increases
• b. K decreases
• c. No effect
• d. Impossible to predict

ANSWER
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47
Hodgepodge 300 Answer

• What effect does an increased amount of
  aldosterone have on K concentration of urine?
• a. K Increases
• b. K decreases
• c. No effect
• d. Impossible to predict

BACK TO GAME
48
Hodgepodge 400 Question

• All of the following except _______ are effects
  of angiotensin II.
• a. Elevation of glomerular pressures and GFR
• b. Inhibition of ADH release
• c. Elevation of arterial pressure throughout the
  body
• d. Stimulation of NA reabsorption in the DCT

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
49
Hodgepodge 400 Answer

• All of the following except _______ are effects
  of angiotensin II.
• a. Elevation of glomerular pressures and GFR
• b. Inhibition of ADH release
• c. Elevation of arterial pressure throughout the
  body
• d. Stimulation of NA reabsorption in the DCT

BACK TO GAME
50
Hodgepodge 500 Question

• What is the role of the vasa recta in the urinary
  system?
• a. Increasing specific gravity of urine
• b. Increasing the osmotic concentration of urine
• c. Returning water and solutes to general
  circulation
• d. Cleansing blood before it reenters systemic
  circulation

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
51
Hodgepodge 500 Answer

• What is the role of the vasa recta in the urinary
  system?
• a. Increasing specific gravity of urine
• b. Increasing the osmotic concentration of urine
• c. Returning water and solutes to general
  circulation
• d. Cleansing blood before it reenters systemic
  circulation

BACK TO GAME
52
FINAL ROUND Question

• What direct affect does sympathetic activation
  have on GFR?
• a. Produces powerful vasoconstriction of the
  afferent arteriole
• b. Metabolic waste buildup
• c. Dilation of the afferent arteriole
• d. Dilation of glomerular capillaries and
  constriction of the efferent arteriole

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
53
FINAL ROUND Answer

• What direct affect does sympathetic activation
  have on GFR?
• a. Produces powerful vasoconstriction of the
  afferent arteriole
• b. Metabolic waste buildup
• c. Dilation of the afferent arteriole
• d. Dilation of glomerular capillaries and
  constriction of the efferent arteriole

BACK TO GAME