Engineering Disciplines

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Engineering Disciplines

• Dr. Chuck Lockert
• Gwinnett School of Mathematics, Science and
  Technology

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• Are you a Scientist or Engineer?
• One brother always liked taking things apart. He
  wanted to understand what made them work. The
  other brother liked putting them back together.
  He wanted to see if he could make them work
  better. The first brother is an example of a true
  scientist - engaged in basic research about what
  makes things tick. The second brother exemplifies
  the engineer. His tinkering is aimed at finding
  better ways to do things. Both science and
  engineering are important. Which are you?

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Engineering Disciplines Colleges Awarding Degrees in Discipline Total Degrees Awarded in Discipline in US Largest Number of Degrees in Any College in Discipline
Computer 217 13,723 388
Mechanical 262 13,343 252
Electrical 279 13,031 298
Civil 219 8,185 186
Chemical 158 5,657 133
Industrial 108 3,252 312
Biomed Bioeng 72 1,679 112
Materials Sci Eng 64 803 32
Aerospace 61 773 145
Systems 17 659 118
Environmental 58 461 34
Eng Management 21 459 199
Marine 18 395 27
Miningb 24 305 50
Petroleum 18 259 39
Manufacturing 25 163 20
Nuclear 19 144 28
Includes computer eng., computer sci., software
eng., etc
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The Engineering Disciplines

• Aerospace
• Agricultural
• Architectural
• Biomedical
• Chemical
• Civil
• Computer
• Electrical
• Environmental

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The Engineering Disciplines

• Industrial
• Marine and Ocean
• Materials
• Mechanical
• Mining
• Nuclear
• Petroleum

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Aerospace Engineer

• Aerospace is the discipline whose major interest
  is to study the flight of all kinds of vehicles
  operating under different speeds and altitudes.
• It encompasses all the phases of research,
  design, and development of commercial or military
  aircraft.
• Aerospace Engineer Career Video

International Space Station
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Aerospace Engineer

• There are four areas of specialty aerodynamics,
  structural design, propulsion systems, and
  guidance and control.
• Earnings 48,000 - 100,000
• Top Schools
• Embry Riddle Aeronautical
• United States Air Force Academy
• MIT
• University of Illinois
• Georgia Tech

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Agricultural Engineer

• Covers both engineering technology and the
  biology them
• Agricultural Engineers (video) use their
  knowledge of engineering and biology to help
  farmers and others working in the area of
  agriculture and natural resources
• They may be involved in everything from the
  design of agricultural buildings to harvest
  equipment

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Agricultural Engineer

• Implementing techniques for conserving soil,
  water, or energy.
• Their work has a significant influence on the
  health and safety of our food and environment
• Develop ways to use soil, water, and other
  resources efficiently and without degradation

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Agricultural

• Detasseling is the process of removing the flower
  or tassel from the top portion of the corn plant
  in order to cease self-pollination. These
  detasseled varieties are interplanted within rows
  of other varieties of corn that are not
  detasseled in order to produce cross pollination
  between the two separate varieties. This in turn
  creates a hybrid seed. This work involves walking
  down the rows of corn while pulling the tassel of
  each plant upward until you hear the tassel pop.

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Agricultural

• This popping sound tells us that the tassel has
  been properly disconnected from the plant. The
  tassel is then dropped to the ground as you move
  on to the next plant. The objective of
  detasseling is to remove all (99.5) of the
  tassels in your rows. This will require a second
  time through and depending on the quality of your
  work, possibly a third or fourth pull through
  your assigned rows in order to complete the
  field.

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Agricultural Engineers invent and adapt high tech
equipment for use on farms and in food processing
plants
Areas
1st Area
3rd Area
2nd Area
Power Machinery
Food Engineering
Irrigation and Soils Mechanics
Design and improvement of agricultural equipment
such as tractors harvesters and agricultural
feed systems
Design and improve methods of irrigation and soils
Design devices for handling and processing food
products
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Architectural Engineer

• Architectural engineers are mostly concerned with
  the structural integrity and safety of building
  as well as the aesthetics of the buildings.
• They facilitate the coordination between the
  architect and the civil engineer.
• The oldest engineering activities were primary
  concerned with the building of temples pyramids
  and houses.

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Architectural Engineer

• Major specializations
• Architecture
• Structural engineering
• Construction engineering
• Construction management
• Architectural engineering is the engineering
  discipline for the analysis, design, and
  construction of building systems.

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Biomedical Engineer

• Biomedical engineering involves biology and
  analyzing medicine to improve overall health.
• In this area there are many specialty areas such
  as bioinstrumentation, biomaterials,
  biomechanics, genetic engineering, clinical
  engineering, orthopedic engineering, medical
  imaging, rehabilitation, and system physiology.

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Biomedical Engineer

• Most biomedical engineers work in universities,
  hospitals, industry, and research facility.
• The future of biomedical engineering is looking
  really good because they say that the demand for
  jobs will increase by about 30 percent.

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Biomedical Engineer

• Some interesting facts about biomedical
  engineering are
• They play an important role in human genome,
  robotics, tissue engineering, and nanotechnology.
• Biomedical engineering has the highest percent of
  female workers in all engineering specialties.

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Biomedical Engineer

• Willem Kolff, a biomedical engineer developed the
  first artificial heart and the first kidney
  dialysis machine.
• Judith A. Resnick, an astronaut who died in the
  Challenger in 1986, was a biomedical engineering
  from 1974-1977.

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Civil Engineer

• Civil Engineer is the name of the oldest
  engineering branch, the term was first used in
  the 19 century. Civil engineers work in areas
  that routinely affect our daily lives like
  planning, designing, constructing and maintaining
  public structures.
• Types of Civil Engineers (video)
• Structure engineers
• Transportation engineers
• Environmental engineers
• Geotechnical engineers
• Geodetic engineers

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Civil Engineer
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Chemical Engineer

• Chemical Engineers (video) build a bridge between
  science and manufacturing
• Chemical engineers apply principles of chemistry,
  physics, mathematics, mechanical and electrical
  engineering.
• They frequently specialize in a particular
  chemical process such as oxidation or
  polymerization.

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Chemical Engineer

• They must be aware of all aspects of chemical
  manufacturing and how it affects the environment,
  the safety of workers, and customers.

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Computer Engineering

• The computer engineering program is often part of
  the electrical engineering or computer science
  programs.
• The computer engineer (video) concentrates on
  hardware design and computer architecture.
• Computer scientists concentrate more on software
  optimization.

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Electrical Engineer

• Electrical engineering (sometimes referred to as
  electronic engineering) deals with the study and
  application of electricity, electronics and
  electromagnetism.
• The field first became an identifiable occupation
  in the late nineteenth century with the
  commercialization of the electric telegraph and
  electrical power supply.

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Electrical Engineer

• From the Global Positioning System to electric
  power generation, electrical engineers are
  responsible for a wide range of technologies.
  They design, develop, test and supervise the
  deployment of electrical systems and electronic
  devices.
• In the electrical engineering (video) field it
  includes electronic and computer engineers. They
  are responsible for communications, radars,
  radios, and telephones just to name a few.

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Environmental Engineer

• Environmental Engineers (video) protect the
  environment while maintaining the rapid pace of
  industrial activity.
• This challenging task has three parts disposal,
  remediation, and prevention.

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Industrial Engineer

• Industrial Engineers (video) primary concern is
  designing manufacturing systems effectively
  utilizing the use of people, materials, and
  energy.

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Industrial Engineer

• Industrial engineers are so concerned with
  improvements that they conduct studies commonly
  known as time and motion studies to further
  improve there manufacturing system

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Marine and Ocean Engineers

• Engineers concerned with exploration of oceans,
  transportation over water, and utilizing the
  worlds oceans.
• Marine Engineers are primarily concerned with
  ship systems such as propulsion, steering and
  navigation

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Marine and Ocean Engineers

• Ocean Engineers may work offshore with
  submersibles, underwater pipelines, and drilling
  platforms.
• Shoreline construction like docks, jetties,
  piers, and shipping terminals are designed and
  built by ocean engineers.

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Oceanography Isnt Engineering

• Oceanography is the branch of physical geography
  that studies the Earths oceans and seas.
• Oceanographers study a wide range of topics such
  from plate tectonics to ocean currents to marine
  organisms (Jacques Cousteau).
• The study of our oceans is linked to
  understanding global warming and biosphere
  concerns.

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Oceanographic Studies

• Marine Biology- is the study of plants and
  animals of the Ocean.
• Chemical Oceanography- is the study of chemistry
  between the ocean, the seawater, and reactions
  between atmosphere and hydrosphere.
• Marine Geology- is the study of the ocean floor.
• Physical Oceanography- studies the oceans
  physical causes and sources.

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Materials Engineering

• Study the structure and composition of materials
  on microscopic to macroscopic scale.
• They study material properties such as strength,
  crack growth, hardness, melting points, and
  durability.

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Mechanical Engineer

• Mechanical Engineers (video) deal with machines,
  power production, and manufacturing methods. The
  two main categories are mechanical systems and
  thermal systems. In mechanical systems the
  engineer deals with transportation and production
  equipment.

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Mechanical Engineer

• The second category is in thermal systems. Here
  mechanical engineers work to develop power
  production systems.
• Heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning would
  also be under thermal systems.

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Mining Engineer

• Mining Engineers maintain the flow of raw
  materials by discovering, removing, and
  processing natural resources.

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Nuclear Engineer

• Nuclear engineering deals primarily with the use
  and management of energy derived from nuclear
  reactions.
• Nuclear engineers are involved with the
  development, design, construction, and fuel
  management of power reactors.

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Nuclear Engineer

• Nuclear engineers spend a lot of time conducting
  safety analysis due to the potential hazards of
  nuclear energy. Studies concentrate on reducing
  the risks of nuclear reactor accidents and
  potential associated damage.
• Nuclear engineers often work for the defense
  department. Specifically the naval and nuclear
  weapons programs. Other employers include
  electrical power companies.

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Nuclear Engineer

• Nuclear Engineering deals with nuclear physics
  and the interactions of radioactive isotopes and
  particles.
• Applications maintenance of nuclear fission
  systems and components, specifically, nuclear
  reactors, power plants and/or nuclear weapons.
  The field can also include the study of medical
  applications of radiation, nuclear safety, heat
  transport, nuclear fuels technology, and nuclear
  proliferation.

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Nuclear Engineer

• The Future of Nuclear Engineering is bright.
• The United States gets about 20 of its
  electricity from nuclear power.
• Nuclear engineers in this field generally work,
  directly or indirectly, in the nuclear power
  industry or for government labs.
• Nuclear engineering provides many options in the
  medical field.

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Nuclear Engineer

• From X-Ray machines, to MRI, to PET
• Nuclear Engineers are interested in the
  development of more advanced ionizing radiation
  measurements and detection systems.

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Petroleum Engineer

• Petroleum engineers search the world for new oil
  and natural gas reservoirs.
• Some petroleum engineers specialize in a single
  part of the industry.
• Petroleum engineers (video) usually work for
  companies that specialize in oil or natural gas
  refinement.

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Petroleum Engineer

• To find new reservoirs, petroleum engineers often
  work with geologists and other specialists.
• Engineers who work
• on off-shore drilling rigs
• are exposed to a certain
• amount of dirt and noise

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Petroleum Engineer

• Engineers work very long hours especially when
  there is a deadline approaching or on-site.
• According to the Society of Petroleum Engineers,
  the average earnings for members in the U.S. is
  109,000 a year.
• Few schools offer bachelors programs in
  petroleum engineering.
• If you are considering a career
• in petroleum engineering, you should enjoy
  math and science and love solving problems.

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Robotics / Mechatronics Eng

• The name Mechatronics stems from Mechanical and
  Electronics, and is a new approach to product
  design and development,
• merging the principles of
• electrical, mechanical,
• computer, and industrial engineering.

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Robotics Engineer

• Robotics engineers design robots, maintain them,
  develop new applications for them, and conduct
  research to expand the potential of robotics.

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Robotics Engineer

• Visionary robotics engineers can work designing
  experimental mobile robots, with applications
  ranging from medical and military uses to designs
  aimed at creating vehicles capable of piloting
  themselves on other planets.

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Engineering as a Profession

• It touches every aspect of our lives
• Demands care, perseverance and reliability
• Gets little recognition, because the average
  person doesnt understand the importance of the
  engineering profession
• Mistakes can extract exorbitant prices in both
  human life and money

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Engineering Profession

• Defining profession
• a calling requiring specialized knowledge and
  often long and intensive academic preparation.
• Engineering Profession consists of knowledge of
• Mathematics
• Physics
• Chemistry
• Technology/Tools
• Ability to solve complex
• problems

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Engineering Profession

• Engineers are Doers, they gain competence
  through experience!
• The essential characteristics of a successful
  engineering student includes
• Enthusiasm- be eager to learn new concepts and
  self motivated

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Engineering Profession

• Systematic - Attitude of being orderly
• Tenacity- Engineers never give up! The solution
  may not be apparent, but if there is a
  problemthen there must be a solution!
• Self Discipline - Know and follow your
  priorities. Old Roman saying He is a winner who
  conquers himself

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Professional Registration

• Engineers serve society, therefore they go
  through a certification process known as
  Registration
• This Registration process first began in Wyoming
  in 1907
• The purpose to protect the public from
  unqualified individuals who claim to be Engineers
• Would you want to be treated by an unlicensed
  Physician?

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Four Stages of Registration

• 4 years of education and graduate from an ABET
  accredited program
• Pass the Fundamentals of Engineering Examination
• Obtain a minimum of 4 years post graduate
  experience
• Pass the Principles and Practice of Engineering
  Examination in your specialty area of engineering

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Professional Responsibilities

• Able to utilize the advances in Science and
  Technology to create solutions that meet the
  needs of society
• Strong Desire to serve mankind by creating
  devices that make life more comfortable
• Stay current with scientific technological
  discoveries
• Educate themselves by taking courses, attending
  professional conferences and meetings, reading
  books, internet workshops, and engineering
  journals

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Ethics

• Must be careful in reporting results so NOT to
  mislead the public with facts and data
• Adhere to Codes and Ethics

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Ethics

• Quite often people say that a person is NOT
  acting professionally. What this generally means
  is that this individual has not conformed to the
  ethical standards of the profession.
• Websters Definition of Ethics The discipline
  dealing with what is good and bad and with moral
  duty and obligation principle of conduct
  governing an individual or group.
• Because ethics requires the definition of an
  accepted standard, ABET has put forth what is
  termed the code of ethics for engineers

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Codes - Fundamental Principles

• Engineers uphold and advance the integrity,
  honor, and dignity of the engineering profession
  by
• Using their knowledge and skill for the
  enhancement of human welfare
• Being honest and impartial, serving with fidelity
  the public, their employers and clients
• Striving to increase the competence and prestige
  of the engineering profession
• Supporting the profession and technical societies
  of their discipline

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Codes Fundamental Canons

• Engineers shall hold paramount the safety, health
  and welfare of the public in the performance of
  their professional duties
• Engineers shall perform services only in the
  areas of their competence
• Engineers shall issue public statements only in
  an objective and truthful manner
• Engineers shall act in professional matters for
  each employer or client as faithful agents or
  trustees, and shall avoid conflict of interest

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Codes Fundamental Canons

• Engineers shall build their professional
  reputation on the merit of their services and
  shall not compete unfairly with others
• Engineers shall act in such a manner as to uphold
  and enhance the honor, integrity and dignity of
  the profession
• Engineers shall continue their professional
  development throughout their careers and shall
  provide opportunities for professional
  development of those engineers under their
  supervision

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Examples of Professional Organizations for
Engineers

• ASME- American Society of Mechanical Engineers
• ASCE- American Society of Civil Engineers
• IEEE- Institute of Electrical and Electronics
  Engineers, Inc.
• The purpose of these professional societies is to
  expedite the sharing of ideas among its members

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Review

• Give an example of an Engineering Discipline.
• What is a professional engineer?
• What are the characteristics of an engineer?