Holistic Care Chapter 2

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Holistic CareChapter 2
Foundations of Nursing Lois White
Sharon L Kinley-Schwing Rn BSN PHN Edited by
Leslie Lehmkuhl, 2008 Pacific
College 2007
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Key Terms

• Attitude
• Body Mechanics
• Culture
• Health
• Health continuum (Figure 2-3)
• Holistic
• Homeostasis

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• Intellectual Wellness
• Maslows Hierarchy of Needs (Figure 2-4)
• Physical Wellness
• Psychological Wellness
• Self-awareness
• Self-concept
• Social-cultural wellness
• Spiritual Wellness
• Wellness

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PROFESSIONAL CAREGIVERS

• Work together to promote and maintain client
  health.
• Most simply, health means that an organization is
  performing its vital functions normally and
  properly.

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WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION

• Health is a state of complete physical,
  mental, and social well-being and not merely the
  absence of disease or infirmity.

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HEALTH HOLISTIC HEALTH

• Health is a persons physical well-being.
• Holistic is from the Greek word holos, meaning
  whole.
• Holistic health views the physical, intellectual,
  socio-cultural, psychological, and spiritual
  aspects of a persons life as an integrated
  whole.
• Homeostasis The balance or stability of the
  body, mind and spirit.

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THE HOLISTIC VIEW
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HOLISTIC CARE

• National Institutes of Health defines this as
  care that considers the whole person, including
  physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual
  aspects.
• The nurse helps the client in attaining the best
  state for healing to occur.

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SOME HOLISTIC MODALITIES(class activity)

• Biofeedback
• Exercise and movement
• Goal-setting
• Humor and laughter
• Imagery

• Journaling
• Massage
• Play therapy
• Prayer
• Therapeutic touch

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A HEALER

• Demonstrates awareness that self-healing is a
  continual process.
• Is familiar with self-development.
• Recognizes personal strengths and weaknesses.
• Models self-care.
• Respects and loves clients.

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A HEALER (continued)

• Demonstrates awareness that personal presence is
  as important as technical skills.
• Presumes that clients know the best life choices.
• Guides clients in discovering creative options.

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A HEALER (continued)

• Listens actively.
• Shares insights without imposing personal values
  and beliefs.
• Accepts client input without judgment.
• Views time spent with clients as an opportunity
  to serve and share.

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NURSING THE WHOLE PERSON

• A comprehensive approach to health care considers
  the whole person and their ability to meet
  self-care needs.
• Takes into account the individuals
  responsibility for personal well-being.
• Teaches preventive care.

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WELLNESS

• Is a responsibility, a choice, a lifestyle design
  that helps maintain the highest potential for
  personal health.

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THE HEALTH CONTINUUM

• Is a way to visualize the range of an
  individuals health, from highest health
  potential to death. Highest health to death.

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MASLOWS HIERARCHY Of Needs

• 5 related level of needs needed to maintain life
  
• A theory of behavioral motivation based on needs.
  
• Many nursing programs use this as a basis for
  planning the care of clients.
• Maslows Theorys are used today in many areas of
  nursing education and patient care.

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MASLOWS HIERARCHY of needs cont.

• Beginning with the most important
• Physiological (Base of hierarchy)
• Safety and security
• Love and belonging
• Self-esteem
• Self-actualization (top of heiarchy)

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• The needs of the lower levels (O2, h2O, food,
  elimination) must be met before a person is
  motivated to meet the needs of the next higher
  level.

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PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS

• Air, water (most important nutrient needed for
  wellness), food, elimination, rest
  (sleep)/activity (exercise), and sex.
• The basic physiological needs must be met before
  higher-level needs become motivators of behavior.

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SAFETY AND SECURITY NEEDS

• The needs for shelter, stability, security,
  physical safety, and freedom from undue anxiety.
• Safety needs include both physical and emotional
  aspects.

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LOVE AND BELONGING NEEDS

• Incorporate the giving and receiving of
  affection.
• Meeting these needs is extremely important for
  mental health.

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SELF-ESTEEM NEEDS

• These are met by achieving success in work and
  other activities.
• Recognition from others increases self-esteem.

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SELF-ACTUALIZATION NEEDS

• This is the highest level of the hierarchy.
• A person who has met these needs is
• Confident.
• Self-fulfilled.
• Creative.
• Looks for challenges.
• Sees beauty and order in the world.

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REMEMBER ...

• Individuals do not move steadily up the
  hierarchy.
• As life situations change, needs change, and
  behavior is motivated by different levels of the
  hierarchy.

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PROVIDING QUALITY CARE

• You must be aware of yourself.
• You must take care of your own needs before you
  can take care of others.

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SELF-AWARENESS

• Consciously knowing how the self thinks, feels,
  believes, and behaves at any specific time.
• May be uncomfortable.
• The self-aware nurse is more likely to make
  decisions in response to clients needs rather
  than nurses own needs.

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SELF-CONCEPT

• How a person thinks or feels about himself.
• Begins forming in infancy.
• Develops through feedback from others.

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SELF-CARE

• The most effective means to teach wellness is by
  positive example.
• Remind yourself and your clients that health is a
  personal choice and that each person has control
  over his or her own wellness.

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THE FULL Meaning of Holistic Care

• Help clients understand how
• physical,
• intellectual,
• socio-cultural,
• psychological,
• and spiritual health
• are all
  related.

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PHYSICAL WELLNESS

• Refers to a healthy body that functions at an
  optimal level.
• Includes
• grooming,
• proper body mechanics,
• good posture,
• nutrition,
• sleep/ rest / relaxation,
• exercise,
• and refraining from smoking, drugs, and alcohol.

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GROOMING

• Bathe daily.
• Use deodorant.
• Hair should be neatly combed, styled.
• Brush teeth frequently.
• Avoid perfumes.

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ALSO

• Practice good hand hygiene.
• Use lotion to prevent dry, cracked skin.
• Fingernails should be short and clean.
• Jewelry is inappropriate.
• Heavy makeup should be avoided.

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BODY MECHANICS

• Using the body in the safest and most efficient
  way to move or lift objects.

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POSTURE

• The basis for proper body mechanics.
• Means the ability to carry oneself well and in
  correct body alignment.
• Remember that your posture sends messages about
  your attitude and feelings.

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SMOKING

• Is unhealthy.
• May be personally offensive to clients.
• Smoke odors may cause allergic reactions or
  nausea.
• Nurses who smoke must take great care to ensure
  that no offensive tobacco odors remain on their
  clothes or breath.

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DRUGS AND ALCOHOL

• Impaired Caregivers programs available.
• Nurses should never give or make available any
  drug without the written order of a physician or
  nurse practitioner.
• Nurses have an obligation to let supervisors know
  if a co-worker is abusing drugs or alcohol.
• Nurses have an obligation to their clients and
  peers to ask for help if they have a problem.

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NUTRITION

• A balanced diet is required for optimal body
  function.
• Food is a basic need in Maslows hierarchy.
• Breakfast is very important.
• Snacks should be planned and healthy.

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REMEMBER WATER

• Water is the bodysmost importantnutrient.
• The average adultneeds 68 glassesa day.

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Sleep, Rest, Relax and Exercise

• Wellness also means taking time to enjoy
  yourself.
• The body replenishes its energy reserves and
  heals during sleep.
• Rest is a time of inner quiet and physical
  inactivity.
• Relaxation is doing something just for the fun of
  it.
• Exercise increases heart rate and breathing,
  circulation improves, and muscles stretch.

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INTELLECTUAL WELLNESS

• The ability to function as an independent person
  and make sound decisions.
• Clear thinking and problem-solving skills.
• Good judgment.
• A desire to learn.

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SOCIOCULTURAL WELLNESS

• Ability to appreciate the needs of others and to
  care about ones environment and the inhabitants
  of it.
• Culture influences a persons views about
  wellness and response to illness.
• Nurses should accept each person as an individual.

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PSYCHOLOGICAL WELLNESS

• Includes the enjoyment of creativity, loving and
  being loved, and understanding and controlling
  emotions.
• Includes having a positive attitude.

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SPIRITUAL WELLNESS

• Manifests itself as inner strength and peace.
• Spirituality is broader than religion.
• Spirituality involves ones relationship with
  self, others, the natural order, and a higher
  power.
• For many, religious practices are an expression
  of their spirituality.
• The nurse must respect the spiritual needs of
  their clients.

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NURTURE YOURSELF!

• The demands of clients, employers, and coworkers
  can cause stress for the nurse.
• Those who dont nurture themselves will suffer
  stress symptoms and illnesses.

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SELF-NURTURING TIPS

• Develop activities to recharge your body, mind,
  and spirit.
• Make time for fun. Any activity that brings
  happiness or joy is beneficial.
• Schedule a few minutes each day for pleasure.

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FOR NURSES

• Wellness means practicing wellness habits daily
  and serving as role models of the holistically
  healthy individual.

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• Questions ?

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• Answers to the Review Questions
• 1. Rest is defined as
• d. conscious freedom from activity and worry.
• 2. What responsibility does the nurse have who
  believes a colleague is abusing drugs?
• Report it to the supervisor.
• 3. What can be the result when breakfast is
  omitted?
• b. The person is left tired, weak, and hungry.
• 4. Positive or negative feelings about people,
  places, or things are called
• d. attitudes.
• 5. The aspects of total wellness are
• b. physical, psychological, spiritual,
  intellectual, and sociocultural