??????? ???????????? Hydrocarbon Isomers

1
??????? ???????????? Hydrocarbon Isomers
2
????????????
?????????
???????
3
????????????
?????????
???????
?????????
?????????
??????????
4
????????????

• ????????? ?? ??????????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ..

???????
?????????
5
????????????

• ????????? ?? ?????????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? .

???????
?????????
6
????????????

• ?????????? ?? ?????????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ..

???????
??????????
7
????????????

• ?? ?????????????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????
  ..

?????????
8
?????????
??????
?????
??????
9
???? ????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??
C4H10
10
C4H10
????????? ???????? ????? ????????..
????? ???????
????? ??????
11
????? ??????? ???????? ??
(C4H10)
12
??? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ..C5H12
???? ??????? ????????? ?????????
13
?????????
??????
?????
??????
14
?? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? .. ??? ?????
????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??
15
??????? ????????
16
????????? ????????
????? -2- ??????
???- -2 ??????
17
????????? ????????

• ?? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????
• ? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????
• ( ????????? ?? ?????? )

18
????????? ?? ??????
???? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ????? . ?
???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????
????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? . ????? ??????? ???
?? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?????????? ????? ? ?
???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ???????
?????? ????? ..
19
???? ???
20
?????????
??????
?????
??????
21
????? ?????? ??
22

• ???????? ??? ??? ?????...

?? ???? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ? ?????
??????? ?????? ???? ???.. ? ??? ????? ?? ????
?????????? ????(thalidomide) ???? ??? ???
???????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ..
23
????
??????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ????
?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ???
?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???
?????? .
24
??? ???????? ? ?????? ???? ??????
1- ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????
?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? .
2- ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ?
?????????? ?????.
3- ???? ????? D ???? ?????? ? L ???? ?????? .
25
??? ???? ??????? ???????? ??
26
(No Transcript)
27
?????????

• ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??????
• ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ? ?????? ????
• ???? ???? ?????? .
• ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ???????
• (????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? )

28
?? ??? ??????? ??
Cl

• ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????
  ?????? ???
• H / Br / Cl / F

Br
H
F
29

?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??
Cl
Cl
Br
Br
H
H
F
F

• ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ? ??? ????? ??
  ??????

????
30
?? ??? ?????? ?????? ? ??? ????? ??
Cl
Br
Cl
Br
H
H
F
F
??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ???????
?????? ? ??? ????? ?? ?????? .. ???? ???? ???
????? .
31
?????
???? ???????? ????????? ???? ???
32

• 2-chlorobutane

??? ????? OPTICALLY ACTIVE
33

• 2-methylbutanoic acid

??? ????? OPTICALLY ACTIVE
34

• butan-2-ol

??? ????? OPTICALLY ACTIVE
35

• 1-chloro-3-methylpentane

??? ????? OPTICALLY ACTIVE
36
????? ?????????
1- ??????? ??????
2- ??????? ??????
3- ??????? ?????
37
???? ???