Science Skills

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Science Skills

• Chapter 1

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Chapter Assignments Read Chapter 1 in the book
and copy the key concepts and their answers in
each section. (See Key Concepts at the start of
every section then see the study guide on page 28
at the end of the chapter). For each section
complete the following Ch. 1 Summary pages in
YOUR WORKBOOK. Section 1 pg 1 and 2 Section 2
pg 3 and 4 Section 3 pg 5 and 6 Section 4
pg 7 and 8 Complete WordWise on p 9 Using
Scientific Notation on p 10 We will go over these
in class. They will be due on test day for Ch 1
grades.
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We will also do in the book 15/1,
2 20/4-8 25/4 2930/1-10,15-17,20-22,24,25,30 Con
sumer lab on pg26
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• I. Branches of Science
• Natural Science
• Life, physical, and earth science are the main
  branches
• Physical Science
• Physics, chemistry, geology
• II. Technology applying science to meet human
  needs

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• III. Pure Science continuing the search for new
  knowledge
• by experimenting to find out about the world.
• Scientific theory - an explanation that has been
  tested by many observations.
• To be valid, it must allow you to
• make predictions.
• Can be changed or replaced when new discoveries
  are made.

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• Scientific law a description of a natural
  event.
• Computer models are used to study complicated
  events and make predictions.
• IV. Scientific Method a series of logical or
  organized steps that is followed in order to
  solve a problem.

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Steps in the Scientific Method

• Make an observation
• Ask a question
• Develop hypothesis
• Collect data by experimentation to test hypothesis

• Analyze data and draw conclusions
• Form a hypothesis
• Test the hypothesis
• Make further observations
• Draw conclusions

No experiment is a failure because all
experiments are observation of real events.
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Equipment

• V. Equipment used to collect data
• Meter sticks, thermometer, graduated cylinder
• Microscope
• Telescopes
• Radio telescopes detect the oldest, most distant
  objects in the solar system.

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International System

• VI. International System (SI)
• Quantities and base units of measure
• length meter
• temperature Kelvin
• mass kilogram
• time second
• Derived quantities and units
• electric current ampere
• weight force with which gravity pulls on a
  quantity of matter Newton is the unit
• area m2
• volume m3

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Metric Prefixes

• Prefixes
• milli 1/1000 or 1/103
• kilo 1000 or 103
• mega 1,000,000 or 106
• giga 1,000,000,000 or 109
• SEE THE HANDOUT IN YOUR REFERENCE SECTION OF
• YOUR PORTFOLIO FOR MORE PREFIXES.

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Significant Figures

• VII. Significant figures determined by the
  equipment used to collect data. Dont forget that
  you have been given a handout about Science and
  Math that gives more information. Refer to it
  often!!!!
• Numbers are read directly from the equipment plus
  1 estimated digit.
• When multiplying several numbers, the number with
  the least significant digits determines how many
  digits are written in the answer.

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Sample

• 2.45 cm x 3.0052 cm x 1.004 cm. 2.45 has only 3
  significant figures so the answer will also.
• The answer is 7.39219096. Round to 7.39 cm3.

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VIII. Presenting Data

• Line graphs best for continuous changes where
  variable y is plotted vs. variable x showing how
  a variable responds to changes in another
• Pie charts A divided circle, with each slice
  representing a proportional fraction showing how
  a part relates to the whole
• Bar graphs - Scaled bars used to represent
  various measurements comparing a similar set of
  data

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• Variables are factors in an experiment that can
  change
• Temperature
• Time
• Distance

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Be able to discuss the following on the TEST

• List and explain the steps in the scientific
  method by using one of the famous discoveries
  described in the chapter as an example.
• Why do scientists speak at conferences and write
  articles in scientific journals?
• Describe the relationship between science and
  technology, and give an example of how they are
  related.
• What is the single most important laboratory
  safety rule?
• Explain why scientists use scientific notation.