The NIBB MARS DEBATES

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The NIBB MARS DEBATES

• Raising Awareness by Understanding Problems
  Consequenes
• Of...

...Passenger ship safety
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...How safe...
...is safe
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Passenger ship safety

• Agenda
• What is a passenger ship
• Cruise industry Facts figures
• Cruise industry General informaton
• Learning form accidents (improvements)
• Costa Concordia
• Aspects to consider (free debate)
• Quiz

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Passenger ship safety

• 1/ What is a passenger ship?

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Passenger ship safety

• Cruise ship
• Ocean liner
• Ro-Pax
• Ferry
• Fast Ferry
• River cruises

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Passenger ship safety

• Cruise ship
• Passenger ship used for pleasure voyages.
• Voyage itself ship's amenities different
  destinations.
• Transportation is not the prime purpose
• Ocean liner (passenger ship)
• Transport of passengers (some freight,
  mail,...) from A to B
• Built to higher standard
• High freeboard
• Large capacities for fuel/provisions/consumables.
  ..

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Passenger ship safety

• gt 12 passengers
• When intl trading compliance SOLAS, ICLL, IMO
  regs
• Passenger ship ? cruise ship
• Passenger ship
• High fuel consumption (speed)
• Deep draught
• Enclosed decks
• Cabins to maximize passenger numbers
• Lower comfort (windowless suites)
• Cruise ships
• Amenities more important than speed
• Balcony-laden floating condominiums

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Passenger ship safety

• 2/ Cruise industry (2011) Facts Figures

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Passenger ship safety

• In 2011
• 30 billions US industry
• 19 millions passengers
• Booming industry
• Ship size 270 360 m gt 100,000 GT (Oasis of
  the Seas 225,000 GT)
• Number of passengers/ship 3000-4000 (average)
  to 6300 (max)
• Mariner of the Seas consume 20,000 pounds
  (9,000 kg) of beef, 28,000
• eggs, 8,000 gallons (30,000 L) of ice cream,
  and 18,000 slices of pizza in
• a week.
• 50 of energy Catering dept.
• Passenger ship in decline (aviation industrty)
• Cruise industry gaining popularity

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Passenger ship safety
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Passenger ship safety

• 3/ Cruise industry General information

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Passenger ship safety

• Tailor made formulas Speciality range of
  products
• Passenger age
• Tall ships/sailing vessels
• Size of vessels
• Expedition
• ...
• Companies
• Carnival
• Royal Caribbean Cruises
• Star cruises
• Norwegian Cruise Line
• MSC Cruises
• Louis Cruise Lines

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Passenger ship safety

• Organisation Normal ship
• Ships crew hospitality staff /gt passengers
• Restaurants (Dining buffet style)
• Shows/performances
• 50 of energy Catering dept.
• Excursions
• Tax free shops
• Casinos/events
• Other uses
• Troop transport hospital ships (ocean liners)
• Hotel ships (Athens olympics)
• Emergency accommodation for evacuees (Katrina)

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Passenger ship safety

• Amenities
• Casino  Only open when the ship is at sea to
  avoid conflict with local laws
• Spa
• Fitness center
• Shops  Only open when ship is at sea to avoid
  merchandising licensing and local taxes
• Library
• Theatre with Broadway style shows
• Cinema
• Indoor and/or outdoor swimming pool
• Hot tub
• Buffet restaurant
• Lounges
• Gym
• Clubs
• Some ships have bowling alleys, ice skating
  rinks, rock climbing walls, miniature golf
• courses, video arcades, ziplines, surfing
  simulators, basketball courts, tennis courts,
• chain restaurants and/or ropes obstacle
  courses.

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Passenger ship safety

• 4/ Learning from incidents
• Improvements (following incidents)

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Passenger ship safety

• Improvements over last years (following
  incidents)
• Escape routes/Fire protetion for large atrium
  cruise ships, LSA.
• ISM
• STCW (crew training requirements, crowd
  management)
• MARPOL (waste)
• The Maritime Safety Committee (MSC) at its 82nd
  session in November-December 2006 adopted a
  package of amendments to SOLAS
• Prevention from accidents occuring
• Improved survivability

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Passenger ship safety

• The amendments also provide regulatory
  flexibility so that ship designers can meet any
  safety challenges the future may bring. The
  amendments include
• Alternative designs and arrangements
• Safe areas and the essential systems to be
  maintained while a ship
• proceeds to port after a casualty, which will
  require redundancy of
• propulsion and other essential systems
• On-board safety centers, from where safety
  systems can be controlled,
• operated and monitored
• Fixed fire detection and alarm systems,
  including requirements for fire
• detectors and manually operated call points to
  be capable of being remotely
• and individually identified
• Fire prevention, including amendments aimed at
  enhancing the fire safety of
• atriums, the means of escape in case of fire
  and ventilation systems and
• Time for orderly evacuation and abandonment,
  including requirements for the
• essential systems that must remain operational
  in case any one main vertical
• zone is unserviceable due to fire.

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Passenger ship safety

• Following submissions made by Italy and other
  interested parties (cruise industry) on
  01/06/2012 the IMO Maritime Safety Committee
  adopted Recommended Interim Measures for
  Passenger Ship Companies to enhance the Safety of
  Passenger Ships (Circular 1446).
• These interim measures cover following
• Provision of additional lifejackets in public
  spaces, at muster stations or in lifeboats to
  avoid
• passengers having to return to their cabins in
  case the ship needs to be abandoned.
• Ensure that communication and emergency
  instructions to passengers are duly understood,
• taking into account potential language
  barriers (not all passengers understand English).
• For voyages exceeding 24 hours there should be a
  lifeboat drill for all new passengers before
• departure.
• When the vessel is sailing in congested waters
  or where navigation requires increased
• vigilance (e.g. in poor visibility), access to
  the bridge should be restricted to operational
• personnel only i.e. no passengers.
• Ensure that passage plans duly take Guidelines
  for voyage planning (in remote areas as
• applicable) into account and clearly
  specify/limit the circumstances in which the
  master can
• deviate from the passage plan, other than for
  safety or security reasons, as well as the
• procedures to follow in such cases.

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Passenger ship safety

• The IMO urges member states to recommend
  passenger ship owners to
• Ensure that their current safety procedures and
  best management practices
• are fully and effectively implemented
• Conduct a review of their existing operational
  safety procedures (SMS) and if
• necessary adapt them taking into account the
  above recommended interim
• measures.

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Passenger ship safety

• 5/ COSTA CONCORDIA

  http//www.kizoa.com/slideshow-maker/d2197002k3297031o1/costa-concordia
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Passenger ship safety

• 6/ Passenger ships Aspects to consider

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Passenger ship safety

• Structural integrity
• Management
• Crew
• Accommodation
• Fire
• Life Saving Appliances
• Navigation
• Machinery
• Cargo Passengers (safety wellbeing)
• Security

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Passenger ship safety

• Structural integrity
• Stability
• Passenger ? cruise ships
• Passenger cabins from inside to outside (higher
  price)
• Increase in overall height top heavy -
  stability?
• CoG rather low (large open spaces light
  weight material heavy
• components (M/E, fuel, propellers in lower
  parts)
• Wide ships gt initial stability gt metacentric
  height
• Stabilizers comfort, no added benefit from
  stability point of view

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Passenger ship safety

• Management
• Crewing (1500-2000 crew, ? nationalities)
• Training
• Remote ports (supplies, assistance)
• Insurance

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Passenger ship safety

• Crew
• Under-industrialized countries
• Ship crew entertainment crew (performers)
  hospitality
• Different nationalities
• MLC
• Living conditions(shared cabins)
• 3 11 month contracts
• 77 hour workweeks 10 months/2 months holidays
• Facilities for crew separate from passengers

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Passenger ship safety

• Accommodation
• Passenger accommodation amenities
• Crew accommodation facilities
• Safety (signage,..)

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Passenger ship safety

• Safety
• 2005 2012 100,000,000 passengers 16
  fatalities
• Fire safety LSA
• Various systems
• Maintenance inspection
• Testing
• Number types of LSA
• Drills training
• Inspections (remote ports, replacement
  equipment,...)

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Passenger ship safety

• Pollution
• Huge waste streams
• Sewage
• Grey water
• Hazardous waste
• Oily bilge water
• Ballast water
• Solid waste
• Air polluants (A/C)
• Garbage management
• IAPP/SEEMP

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Passenger ship safety

• Navigation
• Remote ports (drafts,...)
• Passage planning
• Passengers on bridge

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Passenger ship safety

• Machinery
• Noise/vibration
• Maintenance
• Electricity
• Passenger related machinery equipment

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Passenger ship safety

• Cargo Passengers (safety wellbeing)
• Old people disabled people sight disabled
  people
• Communication/Language
• SAR initiatives
• Excursion/tender safety
• Personal preferences of passengers
• Passenger health hygiene
• Huge number of people
• Rapid spreading of diseases
• Close monitoring of hygiene health to prevent
  diseases
• Exposure to claims/compiling evidence

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Passenger ship safety

• Security
• Cabin security
• Boarding security
• Registration/signing on

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Passenger ship safety

• QUIZ

KWIS
KWIS
QUIZ
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Passenger ship safety

• QA