Respiratory syncytial virus

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????????? Respiratory syncytial virus Influenza
(IDSA 2004, poster 205) Rhinoviruses ?????????????
?????? ???????????????????????????????????????????
?? (Emerg Infect Dis 20017249-53)
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?????????????????????????.???????? B.
pertussis M. pneumoniae M. tuberculosis Am J Med
1996101165-9 Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol
199920758-60
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?????????????????????????????????????? New
Engl J Med 19823071255-7 Am J Med
19484690 ??????????????????????????????????????
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? Flu Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2000
Nov21(11)730-2. Pertussis Infect Control Hosp
Epidemiol 199516556-63. RSV J Pediatr
198199746. SARS Respirology 2003 Nov8
SupplS41-5
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???. Am J Prev Med 20012179-83 Pediatrics
2000104738-42 Am J Infect Control 200331
364-70
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Cincinnati ???? 1993 (Infect Control Hosp
Epidemiol199516556-563) ????????????????????????
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???????????????????!
?????????????????????????? Respiratory Syncytial
Virus (Amer J Infect Control 19992791-6) ???????
????????????????????????????? RSV ????.???????
50 (P 0.002)
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200439272-4)
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?????????????????????? (H5N1) ?? ??????
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Pandemic Influenza
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Avian Influenza
H9 H7 H5 H5
B
Russian Influenza
H1
Asian Influenza
H3
Spanish Influenza
H2
Hong Kong Influenza
H1
1998/9
1918 1957 1968 1977
1997 2008
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CDC ?????????????????????????????
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???????????

• ?.?. 2544 ???????????????????? ???? 38 ??
  ?????????
• ???????????????????????????? (MDR-TB) ??????
• ????????? ?????????????????????????????????????
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????????????????? MDR-TB ??? XDR-TB
????????????????
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Incidence of MDR-TB in Thailand
MDR-TB
1,491 ???/??

• ????????????????? 90,252 ???/??
• ??????????????? 3,887 ???/??
  1,342 ???/??
• ???????????????????? 94,139 ???/??
  2,834 ???/??

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Prevalence of MDR-TB in Thailand

• ??????? ??????????? 8,500 ???/??

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XDR exposes the TB infection control neglect

• The Tugela Ferry case

• Evidence for nosocomial transmission
• 51 no prior TB treatment
• 67 prior hospitalization
• 8 health workers died of XDR
• By March 2007 555 XDR cases in South Africa
  (267 in Tugela Ferry)

• All 44 tested for HIV were
• 52 XDR cases died
• Median survival of 16 days
• Typing identified 6-drug MDRTB strain in
  Kwa-Zulu

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Incidence of XDR-TB in Thailand

• ??????? XDR-TB

85 ???/??

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Prevalence of XDR-TB in Thailand

• ??????? ??????????? 255 ???/??

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Prevention is based on the translation of the
knowledge of the mechanism of transmission
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• Not only should you take action to protect
  yourself and your families, you should also take
  action to prevent the spread of influenza if you
  or anyone in your family becomes ill
• George W. Bush
• The White House
• November 1, 2005

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National strategy for pandemic influenza

• Individual citizens should be prepared for an
  influenza pandemic and be educated about
  individual responsibility to limit the spread of
  infection if they or their family members become
  ill.

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Responsibilities of the Government

• Provide guidance to individual on infection
  control behaviors they should adopt pre-pandemic
  and the specific actions they will need to take
  during a severe influenza season or pandemic,
  such as self-isolation and protection of others
  if they themselves contract influenza.

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One of the component of containing outbreaks

• Emphasize the roles and responsibilities of the
  individual in preventing the spread of an
  outbreak and the risk to others if
  infection-control practices are not followed

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Individuals and Families

• Individual action is perhaps the most important
  element of pandemic preparedness and response
• Responsibilities of the individual and families
  include taking precautions to prevent the spread
  of infection to others if an individual or a
  family member has symptoms of influenza

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