Dr. Ir. Hj. Winarni Monoarfa, MS

1
DAMPAK KEGIATAN PEMBANGUNAN TERHADAP EKOSISTEM
PERAIRAN
Oleh
Dr. Ir. Hj. Winarni Monoarfa, MS
2
HABITAT PERAIRAN
Sifat Air

• Panas spesifik, panas penguapan dan panas fusi
  yang tinggi

• Kesehatan tertinggi pada 4 0C

• Larutan yang baik bagi Senyawa Kimia

• Viskositas yang tinggi plankton

• Kemampuan menyerap cahaya tinggi

• Gravitasi

• Rantai makanan panjang

3
PERAIRAN TAWAR
Sistem Terbuka
Sistem Tertutup
Menggenang
Mengalir
Kolam
Alami
Buatan
Sungai
Permanen
Dangkal
Dalam
Waduk
Intermiten
Danau
Rawa
Episodik
Tektonik
Darat
Lapangan
Vulkanik
Pasang Surut (Pasut)
Irigasi
Serbaguna
Skema berbagai bentuk perairan tawar
4
(No Transcript)
5
Komponen Ekosistem Perairan

• Garam Hara
• Produser
• Konsumer
• Bakteri perombak

Nekton Bentos Zooplankton
Konsumer
Bahan Organik
Foto Sintesis
Produser
Fitoflankton
Hara
Bakteri dekomposer
Bahan Organik
6
(No Transcript)
7
(No Transcript)
8

?
Young halibut 1.38 inc
?
Late postlarva 100 inc

?

?
Continental shelf
Mis-postlarva 88 inc
Adult
?
Postlarva 69 inc
600 feet
Newly-hatched Larva 38 inc
?
?
Embryo 13 inc
Spawning
Siklus hidup ikan seblah
9
(No Transcript)
10
(No Transcript)
11
(No Transcript)
12
(No Transcript)
13
(No Transcript)
14
Impact of agriculture, forestry and fisheries
activities on coastal areas
Area of impact/ Subsector Use or activity Environmental or social change Impact of social/ Economic concern
Estuary, harbour and inshore water quality impacts Estuary, harbour and inshore water quality impacts Estuary, harbour and inshore water quality impacts Estuary, harbour and inshore water quality impacts
Agriculture Diversion of rivers for irrigation - Decreased fish yields
Agriculture High use of pesticides - Decreased fish yields
Agriculture High use fertilizer - Decreased fish yields
Agriculture Excessive cropping or grazing on watersheds - Decreased fish yields, silting of naviga-tion channels, increased flood hazard, and decreased tourism attraction
Mangrove and other coastal wetland impacts Mangrove and other coastal wetland impacts Mangrove and other coastal wetland impacts Mangrove and other coastal wetland impacts
Agriculture coastal aquaculture Reclamation of mangrove for rice paddy Destruction of mangrove, filling and canalization Reduced fish yields, reduced filtration capability, increased risk of shore erosion, increased risk from flooding, increased risk of storm damage
Forestry Mangrove harvesting for building materials, fuelwood, woodchips Harvesting at a level greater than the sustainable yield Decreased timber yield in successive harvests, decreased fish yields, reduction or loss of rare or endangered species, reduction in non-timber forest products used or traded by forest dwellers
Agriculture Draining of salt marsh and coastal wetlands (in temperate countries) for grazing and cropping Lowering of land surface and accelerated rise in sea level Increased frequency and extend of flooding, increased beach erosion, increased salinity in coastal soils and in upstream wedges , increased need for hard coastal defences
Coral reef and atoll impacts Coral reef and atoll impacts Coral reef and atoll impacts Coral reef and atoll impacts
Fisheries Fishing with dynamite, muro-ami fishing Coral reef destruction Decreased fish yield, decreased tourism are recreational value
15
(No Transcript)
16
Analisis Dampak Kualitas Air
Tergantung pd pemanfaatan perairan
1. Objektif
Masalah khas
2. Parameter yg ditera harus
representatif (Parameter kunci)
Tergantung jenis proyek
3. Metoda yg praktis,tetapi memenuhi
kebutuhan dan akurasi data
17
Metode Pengukuran Kualitas Air
Komponen Lingkungan Satuan Metode Pengukuran Alat
I. Fisik I. Fisik I. Fisik I. Fisik
1. Temperatur oC  Pemuaian Termometer
2. Kekeruhan NTU Turbidimetrik Turbidimeter
3. Padatan Terlarut mg/l TDS metrik TDS meter
4. Padatan Tersuspensi mg/l  Turbidimetrik Neflometer/ Timbangan
5. Warna Pt-Co  Kolorimetrik Kolorimeter
6. Hantaran Listrik ?mhos/cm Konduktometrik Konduktimeter
II. Kimia II. Kimia II. Kimia II. Kimia
1. pH - Potensiometrik pH meter
2. Alkalinitas mek/l Titrasi Alat Titrasi
3. Salinitas o/oo Penguk. langsung Refraktometer
4. CO2 terlarut mg/l Titrasi Alat Titrasi
5. NH3 mg/l Spektrofotometrik Spektrofotometer
6. Besi (Fe) mg/l Spektrofotometrik Spektrofotometer
7. Kalsium (Ca) mg/l Titrasi Alat Titrasi
8. Magneium (Mg) mg/l Titrasi Alat Titrasi
9. Timbal (Pb) mg/l Spektrofotometrik Spektrofotometer
10.Klorida (Cl) mg/l Titrasi Alat Titrasi
11. NO2 mg/l Spektrofotometrik Spektrofotometer
12. NO3 mg/l Spektrofotometrik Spektrofotometer
13. P-total mg/l Spektrofotometrik Spektrofotometer
14. DO mg/l Modifikasi Winkler Alat Titrasi
15. BOD5 mg/l Modifikasi Winkler Alat Titrasi
16. COD mg/l Titrimetri Alat Titrasi
III. Mikrobiologi III. Mikrobiologi III. Mikrobiologi III. Mikrobiologi
1. Coliform Coloni/l00 ml Membran Membran inkubator
2. Fecal Coliform Coloni/l00 ml Membran Membran inkubator
18
Kadar Maksimum beberapa parameter kualitas air
yang diperkenankan untuk kepentingan air minum
19
(No Transcript)
20
Komposisi Limbah Cair Kegiatan Domestik
21
(No Transcript)
22
Lanjutan daftar kriteria kualitas air gol A
23
Lanjutan daftar kriteria kualitas air Gol B
24
(No Transcript)
25
Lanjutan daftar kriteria kualitas air gol C
26
(No Transcript)
27
Baku Mutu Limbah cair bagi Kegiatan
Industri (Kep.51/MENLH/10/1995)
28
Lanjutan Baku Mutu Limbah cair bagi Kegiatan
Industri
29
TERIMAKASIH