Worms

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Worms

• Friend OR Foe ?

http//curezone.com/image_gallery/parasites/all/de
fault.asp?i1n75
http//www.quia.com/jg/352695list.html
http//www.dof.virginia.gov/images/anim-worm-crawl
.gif
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WHERE DO THEY LIVE?
http//www.ci.austin.tx.us/sws/images/grasscycling
.jpg

• _______________ -
• Found in environment
• _______________
• Live on or in another organism

http//curezone.com/image_gallery/parasites/all/de
fault.asp?i66n75
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PARASITIC WORMS

• Animal host where ADULT feeds and
• reproduces ______________HOST
• Animal host where LARVAL form
• lives and feeds ______________ HOST
  

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FLATWORMSPYLUM Platyhelminthes

• FREE LIVING PARASITIC
• Planaria Flukes
  Tapeworms

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ALL FLATWORMS are ACOELOMATES!
PLATYHELMINTHES (Flatworms)
http//www.lander.edu/RSFOX/310images/310bilatImag
e.html
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http//www.quia.com/jg/352695list.html
PLANARIA
NOTPARASITES
http//www.notatall.blogger.com.br/planaria.jpg
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ONE opening digestive system
http//www.biologia.edu.ar/animales/images/planari
a.jpg
GASTROVASCULAR CAVITY(Combination Digestive
circulatory)
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EXCRETORY

• FLAME CELLS collect excess water and nitrogen
  waste
• Excreted through pores in skin

Moving cilia looklike little flames
http//tim.nccu.edu.tw/biotech/biolife/maricopa/fl
atwormexcret.gif
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REPRODUCTION

• SEXUAL-
• HERMAPHRODITES(have both ovary testes in one
  organism)but trade with a partner

http//www.notatall.blogger.com.br/planaria.jpg
ASEXUAL- can use regeneration to grow a new
organism from part of parent worm
http//faculty.stcc.edu/rapp/biol102/biology_links
.htm
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PARASITIC FLATWORMSchistosoma

• NOT IN USA but infects over 250 million people
  worldwide
• Worms can block blood vessels to organs
  causing irritation, bleeding, tissue
  decay producing disease called
• __________________

http//www.coc.org/focus/food/pics/rice_paddy.jpg
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HUMAN BLOOD FLUKESchistosoma
http//www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/parasite/lifecyc
les/schistosoma_lifecycle.gif
Adult worms mature reproduce in blood vessels
eggs travel to intestines or bladder

Immature worms burrow through skininto blood
vessels
Larvae grow tails and leave snail
Eggs leave body in urine or feces
Larva hatches from egg infects
snail(intermediate host)
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TAPEWORMS
http//www.bangkokhealth.com/cimages/tapeworm02.jp
g
Dog tapeworm
http//www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/parasite/picture
s/whole_tapeworms.GIF
PARASITIC FLATWORM that lives in HOST animal
intestines
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TAPEWORM VOCAB

• ____________- Head with suckers and hooks to help
  hold on inside host

http//www.nicksnowden.net/images/Taenia_scolex_dr
awing.gif
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TAPEWORM VOCAB

• ___________________-
• hermaphroditic reproductive structures
• (contain both male female sex organs)

Containfertilized eggs Shed in feces
http//www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/parasite/labeled
_taenia.html
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WORM VOCAB

• ______________ Thickened PROTECTIVE layer on the
  outside of worms made of CELLS
• _______________
• NON-CELLULAR PROTECTIVE coating found on the
  outside of worms

http//www.nicksnowden.net/images/Taenia_scolex_dr
awing.gif
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Attaches with SCOLEX
http//www.esu.edu/milewski/intro_biol_two/lab__1
0_platy_nemat/images/taenia_scolex.jpg
http//www.microscopyu.com/galleries/smz1500/image
s/tapewormscolexsmall.jpg
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TAPEWORM
http//curezone.com/image_gallery/parasites/all/de
fault.asp?i66n75

• NO DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
• -absorbs nutrients through skin
• TEGUMENT protects them from host digestive
  enzymes and immune system

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TAPEWORMS
http//curezone.com/image_gallery/parasites/all/de
fault.asp?i65n75

• Can grow up to 50 ft
• (2000 proglottids)
• REPRODUCE WITH PROGLOTTIDS
• Add new proglottids behind scolex
• Mature ones drop off at tail end
• Leave body in feces

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EX BEEF TAPEWORM
Adults attachinside intestines and
absorb digested food
Humans eat undercooked meat containing cysts

Proglottids burst releasing eggs with larvae
inside on ground
Proglottids arereleased in feces
Cows eat grass larvae travel through blood
vessels make cysts in muscle
http//net.unl.edu/wonderwise/12parasi/a-para.htm
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ROUND WORMSPhylum Nematoda
Ascaris Trichinella Hookworms Pinworms Filarial
worms
http//curezone.com/image_gallery/parasites/all/de
fault.asp?i1n75
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ALL ROUND WORMS are PSEUDOCOELOMATES
NEMATODA (Round worms)
http//www.lander.edu/RSFOX/310images/310bilatImag
e.html
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http//www.hillsdale.edu/Personal/Swinehart/Aquati
cs/Courses/Biodiv/ascaris_bolus.gif
ROUND WORM AscarisPARASITIC
Have a 2 OPENING digestive system Lives in
intestines Feeds on passing food
http//www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/parasite/images.
html
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Females can grow up to 1 ft long produce
200,000 eggs/day Humans become infected when
they eat FOOD or WATER contaminated with eggs
Image from http//www.cibike.org/CartoonEating.gi
f
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http//curezone.com/image_gallery/parasites/all/de
fault.asp?i0n75
Most common worm infection WORLD WIDE Mostly in
children Estimated 25 of worlds population
is infected with Ascaris
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ROUND WORMTrichinella
Cysts release larvae that burrowinto intestinal
wall mature
Humans infected by eating undercooked meat
containing cysts
?
?
Larvae forms cysts in muscle
Adults release larvae that travel through
bloodstreamto muscles
?
http//jeggeri.pri.ee/Kontuur/Loomad/pig.gif
http//www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/parasite/lifecy
cles/trichinella_lifecycle.html http//www.umm.edu
/images/ency/fullsize/trichinella_spiralis_in_huma
n_muscle_2638.jpg
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Trichinella

• Trichinella infection can lead to disease called
  __________________

Symptoms Muscle pain stiffnessCan be fatal
if cysts form in heart
http//sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/unsegm3.jpg
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TRICHINOSIS

• Less than 100 cases/year in USA from PORK
• Most from eating wild game
• Curing (salting), drying, smoking, or microwaving
  meat does not consistently kill infective worms.

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PARASITIC ROUND WORMSGuinea worm
http//curezone.com/image_gallery/parasites/all/de
fault.asp?i5n75

• Found in AFRICA

http//curezone.com/image_gallery/parasites/all/de
fault.asp?i6n75
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PARASITIC ROUND WORMS
Guinea worm
http//curezone.com/image_gallery/parasites/all/de
fault.asp?i5n75
?
Blisters pop and larvae are released in water
?

• Female bodies under skin fill with eggs and
  break open larvae form blisters

Larvae eaten by small crustaceansHumans infected
by drinking water
?
?
Larvae mature and adult wormsmigrate to skin
http//curezone.com/image_gallery/parasites/all/de
fault.asp?i6n75
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FILARIAL ROUNDWORMS

• are transmitted by insects

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DISEASES caused byFILARIAL ROUND WORMS

• DOG HEARTWORM
• Elephantiasis
• Loa Loa - eye worm

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FILARIAL ROUND WORMS

• DOG HEARTWORMCarried by mosquitoes

http//curezone.com/image_gallery/parasites/all/de
fault.asp?i66n75
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DISEASES caused byFILARIAL ROUND WORMS

• Elephantiasis
• Adult worms live in lymph nodes causing
  blockage so fluid back ups

http//www2.niaid.nih.gov/NR/rdonlyres/32FF6DCF-75
CF-42D0-BCAE-297EFDE27CF1/0/elephantiasis.jpg
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ELEPHANTIASIS
Common in tropical countries
Adult worms can grow to 4 long
http//health-pictures.com/elephantiasis-picture.h
tm
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ELEPHANTIASIS
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?
Mosquito picks up larvae from bloodwhen it feeds
Larvae develop into juveniles inside mosquito
Mosquito injects juveniles whichmigrate to
lymph nodes and mature

• Adult worms live
• and reproduce in
• lymph vessels

?
http//www.acm.uiuc.edu/sigbio/project/updated-lym
phatic/lymph3.html
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FILARIAL ROUND WORMS Loa loa
Found in AFRICA
http//www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/parasite/loa.htm
l
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Loa Loa worm

• Humans are infected with larvae when bitten by
  loa fly
• Larvae mature crawl around under skin
  (especially near face)
• Adults mate and produce larvae which can be
  picked up by another fly and transmitted to
  another person

http//maven.smith.edu/sawlab/fgn/pnb/loaloa.html
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PARASITIC ROUND WORMSHookworms

Ancylostoma
http//www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/parasite/placoco
nus.html

• Live in intestine
• feed on BLOOD

http//curezone.com/image_gallery/parasites/all/de
fault.asp?i1n75
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HOOKWORM LIFE CYCLE
Return to intestines mature mate
Larvae are coughed up swallowed
?
?
?
Adult worms live in intestine and feed on blood
Larvae enter body by burrowing through skin on
feet travel to lungs
?
Eggs leave body in fecesand hatch as larvae in
soil
?
http//www.extension.iastate.edu/polk/health/carbo
n/fact3.htm http//www.retiredgreyhounds.co.uk/pag
e12.htm http//www.barefooters.org/1995-spring/gif
s/mtn_pjl_feet.jpg
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Hookworms in Humans

• PROBLEMS caused by migrating larvae
• Cause intense reaction in skin at site
• Infect 40 million people worldwide

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Parasitic ROUND WORMSPinworms

• Most common parasitic infection IN UNITED STATES
• 1/5 children are infected
• Worldwide500 million people are infected with
  pinworms

Grow up to ½ inch long
http//curezone.com/image_gallery/parasites/all/de
fault.asp?i16n75
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Parasitic ROUND WORMS

• Adult Pinworms live in intestine
• Females crawl out through anus at night and lay
  15,000/day eggs on skin
• Intense itching causes host to scratch
• Eggs under fingernails and on hands are spread
  back to self or to others when objects/food are
  touched

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ALL SEGMENTED WORMS are EUCOELOMATES!True
coelom
SEGMENTED WORMS (PHYLUM ANNELIDA)
http//www.lander.edu/RSFOX/310images/310bilatImag
e.html
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SEGMENTED WORMSAnnelida

• FREE LIVING PARASITIC
• Earthworms
  Leeches

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SEGMENTED WORMS
Earthworms play an important role in soil
fertility

• Return nutrients to soil by decomposing dead
  leaves and organic matter
• Burrowing allows air and water to penetrate to
  roots
• Tunnels loosen soil so roots can grow more easily

intestines of the earth
-Aristotle
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PARASITIC SEGMENTED WORMSLEECHES

• Medical uses