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Human Impacts on Coral Reefs

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Human Impacts on Coral Reefs Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses Factors Correlated with Healthy Coral Reef Growth water temperature range: 18 29 C normal ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Human Impacts on Coral Reefs


1
Human Impacts on Coral Reefs
Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses
2
Factors Correlated with Healthy Coral Reef Growth
  • water temperature range 18 29?C
  • normal seawater salinity 32 35
  • low inorganic nutrient concentrations
    (oligotrophic waters)
  • clear, transparent water
  • little or no sedimentation
  • vigorous water motion

3
Natural Sources of Stress on Coral Reefs
  • intense storms
  • El Niño
  • disease
  • volcanic eruptions
  • predator population explosions
  • natural stream and river runoff
  • exceptionally low tides

4
Storm Wave Damage
Before
After
5
Storm Damage
6
Normal Wind and Ocean Circulation in the Pacific
7
El Niño Conditions
8
Sea Surface Temperatures
April 8, 2013
9
Impacts of El Niño
Forest Fires
Drought
Bird life impacted
Marine Life Impacted
Coral Reef Damage
Coastal Erosion
Tropical Storm
Floods
10
Disease
11
Lava Flows
12
Crown-of-Thorns Outbreaks
13
Stream and River Runoff
14
Low Tides
15
Some Local Human Impacts
  • thermal effluents
  • sewage discharges and agricultural runoff
  • mechanical damage to reefs
  • sedimentation
  • destructive resource extraction practices
  • introduced species
  • loving a reef to death

16
Global Human Impacts
  • global warming
  • ozone depletion
  • ocean acidification

17
Possible Consequences of Stresses and Impacts on
Corals and Coral Reefs
  • outright mortality of coral tissues
  • breakage of coral colonies
  • bleaching
  • diseases
  • slower growth
  • reduced reproduction and recruitment
  • competitive exclusion by other organisms
  • increased reef erosion

18
Traditional Hawaiian Uses of Coral Reef Resources
19
Seaweedslimu
20
Hooks andLures
21
Octopus Lure
22
Fishing Shrineskoa
23
Hawaiian Fish Ponds
He'eia fishpond
24
Ahupuaa
Ranges from the tip of the mtn to the reef area
  1. Upland
  2. Plains
  3. Ocean

25
TheAhupuaa
26
Modern Uses of Coral Reefs
  • Seafood
  • Food Additives and Toiletries
  • Health and Medicine Products
  • Research and Education
  • Jewelry and Art
  • Marine Aquarium Specimens
  • New Land
  • Cement Other Building Supplies
  • Shoreline Protection
  • Recreation
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