Topic: Artificial Transmutations- Fission and Fusion

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Topic Artificial Transmutations- Fission and
Fusion

• Do Now

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Artificial Transmutation

• Cause it to happen by smashing particles into one
  another
• 2 terms on reactant side
• Original Isotope
• Particle that hits it
• neutron, proton, or ?-particle
• Product side usually 2 terms

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Artificial Transmutation

• 27Al 4He ? 30P 1n

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Original isotope or target nucleus
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Bombarding with Protons or ?

• Protons and ?-particles have positive charge and
  mass
• do some damage when hit target nucleus
• must be accelerated to high speeds to overcome
  repulsive forces between nucleus particle (both
  are )

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Artificial Transmutation

• 27Al 4He ? 30P 1n

All of these equations have 2 reactants!
14N 4He ? 17O 1H
75As 4He ? 78Br 1n
37Cl 1n ? 38Cl
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Artificial Transmutation

• Why should we even care to learn about artificial
  transmutation?

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Fission Reaction (fission division)

• Involves splitting heavy nucleus into 2 lighter
  nuclei

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Fission

• 235U 1n ? 91Kr 142Ba 31n energy

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0
small amount mass is converted to energy by E
mc2
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Fission Chain Reaction
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Fission Chain Reaction

• Controlled
• nuclear reactor

Uncontrolled bomb
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Fusion

• nuclei unite must be small like H or He
• 2H 3H ? 4He 1n energy

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• Source of suns energy