New aspect for detection and controlling of tuberculosis

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New aspect for detection and controlling of
tuberculosis
BY
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Historical Review

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  ???? ????? ???? 3????? ????? ??????
• ??? ????? ????? 10-20
• ????? ??????? ? ????? ????? ????? 10-25
• 87??? ??? ??? ?????? ? ????? ?????? M . bovis
• 20 ?? ????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??
  ????????? ????????

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2. ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ???????
   MDR, XDR)?????? ??????? ????????(
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   ? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ???
   ?????

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  ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????????
  ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? XDR
• ?? ??? 2007
• ??? ????? ?? XDR ???? ??????? AIDS TB ????
  53?? 54 ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? 25 ??? ?? ???
  ???????

?? 25 ??? ? 30.??? - ???? ?? 37 ???? ?? ?????

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  ??? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ? ?????? ?? 4-6 ????
  . ? ??? ?? ???? ????????? ?????? ??? ???????
  ???????? DOTS

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• ???? ???????
• ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????
• ???? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?? BCG
• N.B
• ???? BCG ???? ? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????
  ??????

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Classic detection of tuberculosis
Tuberculin test

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Tuberculin test and non specific reaction

• Type ( PPD test )
• Problem.
• I - positive reactors with no visible lesions -
• 1- Infected animals with no visible lesions
• a- Infected in apparently normal LN ,
  organs and tissues .
• b- Initial stages of infection that
  misleading detection.
• c- Animal infected with human or avian
  tubercle bacilli.
• 2- Non infected animals with false positive
  reactions.
• a- Animal infected with Johns disease,
  skin TB or modified from of pathogenic
  Mycobacterium.
• b- Animals sensitized with non
  pathogenic or saprophytic mycobacteria or MOTT .
• c- Animals vaccinated with BCG .
• e- Heterologous factors
• - Parasetic infestation eg.
  Fasciola , Echinococcous or demodetic mange .
• -Corynebacteria .
• - Brucellosis.
• - Actinobacillosis.
• - Actinomycosis.
• - Nocardiosis.

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• II Infected animals which yield false negative
  reactions -
• Non clinical cases.
• New infection in the pre allergic stage with no
  anatomical demonstrable lesions.
• Animals with old and possible healed lesions.
• Advanced generalized cases in chronic conditions
  .
• Other desensitizing factors -
• Injection of large dose of tuberculin .
• Repeated tests in the same side.
• Fibril condition.
• Hypovitaminosis.
• Pregnancy and parturition.
• Seasonal variation related to changes in
  metabolism.

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Postmortem diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis
infection in cattle

• Comparison between current abattoir and recent
  details necropsy for detection of gross lesions.
• The principles interest of the inspectors is the
  susceptibility of meat for human consumption not
  the detection of all diseased cattle
• Detected 95 .

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Tissues to be examined for lesions in cattle
reacting to tuberculin test
Mandibular Ln- left and right parotid Ln-left and right medial retropharyngeal Ln-left and right lateral retropharyngeal (atlantal) Ln-left and right tonsils Head
Mediastinal Ln-anterior and posterior . tracheobronchial (bronchial) Ln-left, right, cranial and medial lungs Thorax
Liver Hepatic Ln spleen mesenteric Ln's along the entire length of the gastro- intestinal tract Kidneys Abdomen
Caudal cervical (prescapular) Ln-left and right subiliac (prefemoral) Ln-left and right internal iliac Ln-left and right medial iliac Ln-right and left lateral iliac (deep inguinal) Ln-right and left gluteal (ischiatic) Ln-left and right sacral Ln-left and right superficial inguinal (supramammary or scrotal) In-left and right udder or scrotal contents and seminal vesicles Carcase
Ln-lymph node. Ref. Comer et al., 1990.
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Solution structure of the major secreted M.bovis
protein MPB70.
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Bacilli cleared
NO INFECTION A (PM NEG.)
Exposure to Mycobacterium Bovis
Skin test negative
Bacilli Controlled
Innate Response
LATENT INFECTION B (PM POS/NEG.)
Skin Test Positive
Bacilli remain viable
Reactivation
Decreased Immune status
DISEASE C (PM POS.)
ACCUIRED RESPONSE
Bacilli not controlled
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Figure (2) Diagram showing the most likely
outcomes resulting from exposure of cattle
M.bovis . When two events are possible , the red
arrow represents the pathway considered to be
most common . PM POS/NEG . Indicates positive or
negative findings at gross post mortem and
laboratory examinations .
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Thanks You
37
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• ???????? ????????? ????? ???? ?????? ??
• ??? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???????(Caseous
  Lymphadenitis)
• ??? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? (Thin Ewe Syndrome)
• ??? ????? ????????? (Cheesy Gland)
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????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ? ?????
?? ????? ????? ?????? ? ????? ???????? ? ?????
??????? . ??????? ??????? ??????? ????
?????? Coryne Bacterium PseudoTuberculosis (
Coryne.ovis) . Nitrate - Negative Group
? ?? ??????? ? ??????
. Nitrate - Positive Group
? ?????? ??????? ?
????? ????? ???? ???? ???????
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