World War I

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World War I
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I. Initial Neutrality

1. American Neutrality
2. Wilson issues neutrality proclamation on August
   4, 1914.
3. By 1917, U.S. became a major supplier of Allied
   munitions, food, and raw materials.

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II. Submarine Crisis Road to War in Europe

1. 1915, Germans began use of U-Boats? submarines
2. Began to attack unarmed British passenger ships.
3. Lusitania-British liner sunk of the coast of
   Ireland on May 7, 1915.
4. Arabic is sunk
5. Arabic PledgeGermans will not attack unarmed
   passenger vessels.

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Submarine Crisis Road to War in Europe (contd)

• 6. The Sussex Pledge (Ultimatum)
• March 24, 1916unarmed French steamer torpedoed
  but not sunk
• 7 American injured.
• The pledge was If ALL U-boat attacks on ALL
  ships did not stop, Wilson would sever all German
  relations.

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Submarine Crisis Road to War in Europe (contd)

• 7. Jan. 31, 1917-Germany would sink all ships,
  belligerent or neutral
• Germany could win if they cut off the flow of
  supplies to the Allies.
• Feb.3, 1917U.S. ends diplomatic relations with
  Germany
• U.S. merchant ships were sunk.

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Submarine Crisis Road to War in Europe (contd)

• 11. Zimmerman Telegram
• 12. From German foreign secretary, Arthur
  Zimmerman
• U.S. receives it Feb. 24, 1917
• Mexico should attack the U.S.
• The lost territories of TX, NM, and AZ would
  then be returned to Mex.
• March 1, 1917-Released to the American public
  war with Germany was necessary.

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III. Impact of the War at Home

1. Wilson War to end all Wars
2. Jan. 1918Wilson announces his Fourteen Points.
3. Wilson wants peace without victory---the
   victors would not be vindictive toward the
   losers.
4. Abolishing secret treaties,
5. Freedom of the seas,
6. Free trade,
7. Arms reduction,
8. end of colonization

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Impact of the War at Home (contd)

• 14th PointWilson considered the most important
• Called of a general association of nations to
  preserve the peace (League of Nations)
• The U.S. many opposed it.

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Impact of the War at Home (contd)

• Committee of Public Informationby George Creel
• Propaganda
• Food AdministrationHerbert Hoover
• Reduce consumption
• Meatless Mondays
• Victory Gardens

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1. War Industries Board
2. Production, wages, and prices of manufactured
   goods
3. Raising the Army?
4. Selective Service Act, 1917
5. Conscription of males into military

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Impact of the War at Home (contd)

1. Civil Liberties?
2. Germans Anti-war protestors
3. Espionage Sedition Acts
4. Schenck v. U.S.
5. Congress could limit free speech in wartimes

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IV. Negotiating Peace

1. European powers wanted revenge!
2. League of Nations
3. Article X
4. Henry Cabot Lodge
5. Reservationists
6. Irreconcilables
7. U.S. never ratifies T.O.V
8. U.S. does not join League

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The Big Four

• Wilson George

Wilson
Clemenceau
Orlando
George
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