AP Bio

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AP Bio

• 10/04/04

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Itinerary 10/05/04

• Due Today Writing an Essay for the AP Exam
• Topics for today
• Review
• DNA Replication
• Overview
• Messelson-Stahl Experiments
• In Detail
• Worksheet- This worksheet is due next Tuesday,
  10/12

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Itinerary 10/06/04

• DNA Transcription
• DNA Translation
• Discussion of next weeks laboratory

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Review

1. Name the four classes of biomolecules

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Review

1. Name the four classes of biomolecules
2. Define monomer and polymer.

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Review

• Name the four classes of biomolecules
• Define monomer and polymer.
• What is a nucleotide?

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Review

• Name the four classes of biomolecules
• Define monomer and polymer.
• What is a nucleotide?
• What are the three components of a nucleotide?

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Structure of DNA/RNA (1)

• Three Components
• Phosphate Group
• Pentose Sugar
• Nitrogenous base

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Review

• Name the four classes of biomolecules
• Define monomer and polymer.
• What is a nucleotide?
• What are the three components of a nucleotide?
• What is the difference between the purines and
  the
• pyrimidines?

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Structure of DNA/RNA (8)
You need to remember these!
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Review

• Name the four classes of biomolecules
• Define monomer and polymer.
• What is a nucleotide?
• What are the three components of a nucleotide?
• What is the difference between the purines and
  the
• pyrimidines?
• 6. What is the name of this sugar?

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Structure of DNA/RNA (3)
Deoxyribose and Ribose are both 5 carbon sugars
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Review

• Name the four classes of biomolecules
• Define monomer and polymer.
• What is a nucleotide?
• What are the three components of a nucleotide?
• What is the difference between the purines and
  the
• pyrimidines?
• 6. What is the name of this sugar?
• 7. Base Pairing

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Gary Coleman
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Gary Coleman
Guanine-Cytosine
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Gary Coleman
Guanine-Cytosine
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Gary Coleman
Alex Trebek
Guanine-Cytosine
Adenine-Thymine
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DNA Replication- Overview (1)

• In Text- Pp 287- 297

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DNA Replication- Overview (1)

• In Text- Pp 287- 297
• Step 1 The Double Helix is unzipped

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DNA Replication- Overview (1)

• In Text- Pp 287- 297
• Step 1 The Double Helix is unzipped
• Step 2 Each strand directs the synthesis of two
  new strands

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DNA Replication- Overview (1)

• In Text- Pp 287- 297
• Step 1 The Double Helix is unzipped
• Step 2 Each strand directs the synthesis of two
  new strands
• Step 3 The individual nucleotides are connected
  to form two new strands

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DNA Replication- Overview (2)
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DNA Replication- Overview (3)
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DNA Replication- Overview (4)
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DNA Replication- Overview (5)
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Semiconservative Replication (1)
Process of DNA replicationis called
semiconservative replication
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Semiconservative Replication (2)
Process of DNA replicationis called
semiconservative replication Make sure you know
this term. Youll see it again!
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Semiconservative Replication (3)
Process of DNA replicationis called
semiconservative replication This means that
in each new double helix of DNA, one strand was
from the parent.
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Semiconservative Replication (4)
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Semiconservative Replication (5)
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Semiconservative Replication (6)
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Semiconservative Replication (7)
How do we know that DNA replicates with a
Semiconservative nature?
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Semiconservative Replication (7)
How do we know that DNA replicates with a
Semiconservative nature? Any ideas?
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Semiconservative Replication (7)
How do we know that DNA replicates with a
Semiconservative nature? Any
ideas? Meselson-Stahl experiment tested the
three hypotheses for DNA replication
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Semiconservative Replication (8)Meselson-Stahl
Experiment
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Semiconservative Replication (8)Meselson-Stahl
Experiment
Where is the 15N found?
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Semiconservative Replication (9)Meselson-Stahl
Experiment
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Semiconservative Replication (10)Meselson-Stahl
Experiment
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Semiconservative Replication (11)Meselson-Stahl
Experiment
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Lets use the flashlight on DNA Replication

• Remember, DNA replication is the process of
  making copies of DNA.

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Lets use the flashlight on DNA Replication

• Remember, DNA replication is the process of
  making copies of DNA.
• When would the cell do this?

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Lets use the flashlight on DNA Replication

• Remember, DNA replication is the process of
  making copies of DNA.
• When would the cell do this?
• Now we need to look at the specifics of DNA
  replication, and the enzymes involved in each
  step

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But First, Whats an Enzyme?
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But First, Whats an Enzyme?

• A type of Protein

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But First, Whats an Enzyme?

• A type of Protein
• Text Definition
• A class of proteins serving as catalysts,
  chemical agents that change the rate of a
  reaction without being consumed within the
  reaction

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Step 1 Separation of the Double Helix
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Step 1 Separation of the Double Helix

• DNA Helicase unwinds the double helix
• The site where the enzyme begins
• replication is called the origin of
• replication.

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Step 1 Separation of the Double Helix

• DNA Helicase unwinds the double helix
• The site where the enzyme begins
• replication is called the origin of
• replication.
• In Prokaryotes (Bacteria), there is a
• single origin in eukaryotes, there are
• thousands

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Show clip 16.10B
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Step 2 Synthesis of complements
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Step 2 Synthesis of complements
Enzyme- DNA polymerase
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Step 2 Synthesis of complements

• Enzyme- DNA polymerase
• DNA polymerase allows the new
• nucelotides to be added to the
• growing end of the strand one by
• one

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Step 2 Synthesis of complements

• Enzyme- DNA polymerase
• DNA polymerase allows the new
• nucelotides to be added to the
• growing end of the strand one by
• one
• NOTE This new synthesis always
• occurs in the same direction,
• 5?3

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DNA directionality
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DNA directionality
A new nucleotide is always added to the 3
end of the strand
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Synthesis of Complementary strands
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Synthesis of Complementary strands
Show 16.13leading strand Then Show 16.13lagging
strand
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Enzymes Involved

• 1) Helicase

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Enzymes Involved

1. Helicase
2. Single Stranded Binding Protein

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Enzymes Involved

1. Helicase
2. Single Stranded Binding Protein
3. Primase

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Enzymes Involved

1. Helicase
2. Single Stranded Binding Protein
3. Primase
4. DNA polymerase

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Enzymes Involved

1. Helicase
2. Single Stranded Binding Protein
3. Primase
4. DNA polymerase
5. Ligase

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DNA Replication-Summary