The behaviourist approach

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The behaviourist approach

• Classical and operant conditioning

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History

• Watson started the behaviourist movement in 1913
  when he wrote an article which was called
  Psychology as the behaviourist view
• Skinner (1904-1990) was also a very important
  theorist of the behaviourist learning. He
  experimented a lot on operant conditioning.
• The principles of operant conditioning were first
  investigated by Thorndike (1898).
• Pavlov was a physiologist interested on classical
  conditioning (dog salivation).He was awarded the
  Nobel Prize in 1904.

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Classical and operant conditioning

• Classical conditioning is concerned with learning
  by association and refers to the conditioning of
  reflexes how to learn to associate new stimuli
  with innate bodily reflexes.
• Operant conditioning involves learning through
  the consequences of behavioural responses. The
  principles of operant conditioning is trial and
  error learning, selective reinforcement and
  behaviour shaping

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Classical Conditioning Ivan Pavlov

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vhhqumfpxuzIfeature
  related
• Office
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vnE8pFWP5QDM
• Can you think of any more examples?
• School? Life? At home?

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Operant Conditioning

• Learning happens due to what follows. The
  important part is what happens after one has done
  something.
• Reinforcement and Punishment
• Positive reinforcement something positive will
  be added
• Negativ reinforcement something negative will be
  removed
• Positive punishment something negative will be
  added
• Negativ punishment something positive will be
  removed
• Can you think of any examples from
• School?
• Your upbringing?
• Sports?
• Other?

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Skinners Box
Food delivery opening
Lever
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Operant conditioning I.
Lever pressing Positive reinforcement Food is presented
Lever pressing Punishment Electric shock is switched on
Lever pressing Negative reinforcement Electric shock is switched off
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Operant conditioning II.
Positive reinforcers Strengthen behaviours which result in their presentation
Punishers Weaken behaviours which result in their presentation
Negative reinforcers Strenghten behaviours which result in their removal
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Operant Conditioning

• In Big Bang Theory
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?veuINCrDbbD4feature
  related