CS234

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CS234 Advanced Topics in Networking

• Mondays, Wednesdays 200-320p.m.
• DBH 1200
• Prof. Nalini Venkatasubramanian
• nalini_at_ics.uci.edu

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Course logistics and details

• Course webpage http//www.ics.uci.edu/dsm/cs234
• Must check it frequently
• Lectures - MW 200-320p.m
• Must read
• Collection of technical papers and reports by
  topic
• Interesting article on how to read a paper
  http//www.stanford.edu/class/cs244/2012/papers/Ho
  wtoReadPaper
• Reference books
• Computer Networking A Top-Down Approach (5th
  Edition), by Jim Kurose and Keith Ross, Addison
  Wesley 2009. (preferred)
• Multimedia Systems, by Ralf Steinmetz and Klara
  Nahrstedt, Springer 2004.

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Prerequisite knowledge

• Requirements
• Undergraduate level course in computer networks.
• Understanding of basic networking protocols is
  desirable.
• Basic programming skills in Java, C

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Course logistics and details

• Homework
• Paper summaries (4 sets)
• Midterm examination
• Tentatively scheduled for end of Week 8
• Team presentations on one topic
• Course project or research paper
• Maybe done in groups (preferred)
• Project proposal due end of Week 3
• Survey of related works due end of Week 6
• Final project presentations/demos/reports
  Finals week
• Potential projects will be available on webpage

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Grading policy

• Homework - 20 of final grade
• 4 topic summaries.
• Due the week after a specific topic is covered.
• Midterm - 35 of final grade
• Tentatively in Week 7
• Team presentation - 10 of final grade
• Due date Based on course topic schedule
• Class project/paper - 35 of final grade
• Final assignment of grades will be based on a
  curve.

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Lecture Schedule

• Part A Topics in Wired Networks (Weeks 1-5)
• Week 1,2 Internet Technologies
• Top-Down overview of networks
• Internet Application Layer Concepts/Protocols
• Web-HTTP, Email-SMTP, FTP, DNS, Web Caching
• Software Defined Networks
• Week 3,4 Peer-to-Peer Networks
• Overview of P2P networks
• Search/lookup content delivery
  storage/filesystems
• Load Balancing, Latency, Throughput,
  Heterogeneity
• Unstructured P2P Gnutella, BitTorrent, KaZaa
• Structured P2P Chord, Pastry, CAN
• Application Layer Multicasting
• Basic Tree-based ALM - Locality, Load-balancing
• Forest/Mesh-based ALM - Maximizing bandwidth
  utilization
• Hybrid and Gossip-Based ALM Reliability/perf w/
  failure
• Week 5 Multimedia Networking
• Quality of Service and Differentiated Services
• Traffic Shaping, Rate control, Error Control

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Lecture Schedule

• Part B Topics in Wireless Networking (Weeks
  6-10)
• Week 6 Infrastructure Based Wireless Networks
• Cellular (GSM, CDMA, LTE.... ), Wireless LAN
  (802.11)
• Week 7Non-Infrastructure Based Wireless Networks
• MANETs (mobile adhoc networks), Disruption
  Tolerant Networking
• Week 8 Midterm Review and Midterm
• Week 9, 10 Mobile Pervasive Computing and
  Sensor Networks
• Media Streaming, Power Awareness, Mobile Social
  Networks
• Sensor Networks and Pervasive Networking
  Zigbee, BlueTooth, RFID
• CyberPhysical Systems and Networking Technologies

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Some tools for projects

• Theoretical papers
• E.g. Quantitative/probabilistic/MATLAB analysis
• Simulators
• E.g. NS2, Qualnet, Tossim, PeerSIM, CloudSIM,
• Real testbed
• E.g.Android apps, Cloud platforms (Amazon
• EC2, Microsoft Azure,Google AppEngine, TinyOS,

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ns2

• Aim Support networking research and education
• For protocol design, traffic studies
• Free open source - on Linux, Windows and Mac
• Includes
• Wired networks
• Routing Distance Vector (DV), Link States (LS)
• Transportation TCP and UDP
• Traffic Ftp, Telnet, Cbr (Constant bit ratess)
• Queuing models Drop-tail, RED
• QoS support frameworks IntServ and Diffserv
• Wireless networks
• Ad hoc routing protocols (AODV, DSR) and mobile
  IP
• Utilities for tracing and visualization
• Details http//www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/

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Qualnet

• A good simulator for studying networks
• Rapid prototyping of protocols with GUI tools and
  the modular, layered stack design
• Scalability via support for parallel execution
• Includes
• Many types of networks Wired and wireless
  (WLANs, Cellular, Ad Hoc)
• Various existing protocols
• Easy for tracing and visualization.
• More scalable than NS2 (support thousands of
  nodes)
• www.scalable-networks.com/products/qualnet/

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OverSim

• http//www.oversim.org/
• OverSim
• Is a C based open-source overlay and
  peer-to-peer network simulation framework for the
  OMNet simulation environment.
• Built-in Modules Structured (Chord, Pastry,
  Bamboo, Koorde, Broose, Kademlia), Unstructured
  (GIA) P2P and other Overlay Protocols (NICE,
  NTree, Quon, Vast, Publish-Subscribe for MMOGs)
• You can add a C module to run your own protocol
  on OverSim

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PeerSim

• http//peersim.sourceforge.net/
• PeerSim
• Is a Java-based peer-to-peer system simulator
  with two simulation engines (a cycle-based and an
  event driven).
• Built-in Modules Pastry, Chord, Kademlia,
  Skpnet, Bittorrent, TMan, Cloudcast.
• You can build a java package of your own protocol
  to run on PeerSim.

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Mobile computing systems

• Android apps
• Android Emulators
• Mobile cloud platforms
• Heterogeneous networking

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Sensor systems

• Sensor network platforms
• TinyOS
• Sensor network simulators
• TOSSIM, extensions to NS2, QualNET to support
  Zigbee
• RFID platforms and simulators
• Robot simulation platforms to study mobile sensing

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Current research directions

• Clean Slate Internet Design ( more in next
  lecture)
• Emphasis on security, reliability, mobility,
  scalability
• Note Changing/upgrading Internet completely is
  hard/costly.
• Better Access to the Internet
• Conveniently (anywhere)
• Fast (bandwidth)
• Efficiently (low power consumption, billing cost)
• Employ multiple networks (wireless and wired) and
  provide seamless vertical handover (switch to
  different networks seamlessly).
• Use clouds or multi-layer systems (e.g., use
  brokers between Internet and users) to reduce
  latency or computation cost at terminal
  devices.
• Design solutions to optimize network resource
  allocation

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Growth of the Internet

• Number of Hosts on the
• Internet
• Aug. 1981 213
• Oct. 1984 1,024
• Dec. 1987 28,174
• Oct. 1990 313,000
• Oct. 1993 2,056,000
• Apr. 1995 5,706,000
• Jan. 1997 16,146,000
• Jan. 1999 56,218,000
• Jan. 2001 109,374,000
• Jan. 2003 171,638,297
• Jul 2004 285,139,107
• Jul 2005 353,284,187

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People-to-Computer Ratio Over Time
From David Culler (Berkeley)
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Systems Today
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Irvine Sensorium
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Distributed Computing Envts.
Globus Grid Computing Toolkit
Cloud Computing Offerings
Gnutella P2P Network
PlanetLab
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Requirements for Todays Internet (ilities)

• Availability and reliability
• Always on, fault-tolerant, fast recovery from
  failures,
• Quality-of-service (QoS) for applications
• fast response time, adequate quality for VoIP,
  IPTV, etc.
• Scalability
• millions or more of users, devices,
• Mobility
• untethered access, mobile users, devices,
• Security (and Privacy?)
• protect against malicious attacks, accountability
  of user actions?
• Manageability
• configure, operate and manage networks
• trouble-shooting network problems
• Flexibility, Extensibility, Evolvability, ?
• ease of new service creation and deployment?
• evolvable to meet future needs?

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Always Best Connected(ABC)AccessWired/Wireless
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Always Best Connected(ABC)AccessMultiple Wireless

• Improve throughput by WiFi offload

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Use Multi-hop networksIncrease coverage
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WiZi-Cloud
Use Zigbee to turn on/off WiFi interface at
smartphone to save energy APs also have two
interfaces
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MINA A Multinetwork Information Architecture
1. Tier based overlay architecture (Using Network
centrality, clustering )
Observe-Analyze-Adapt
2. Heterogeneous Networks and devices
3. Diverse services and applications
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Mobile cloud
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Two tier mobile cloud system
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Research Problems

• Switch networks seamlessly with context
  awareness
• Optimize network resource usage
• Rich data (multimedia) streaming
• Network activity and power consumption
• Provide information, notification (events) on
  time

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Sensor Networks

• Sensor network platforms
• Sensor network simulators
• Extensions to NS2, QualNET, TOSSIM
• http//www.cscjournals.org/csc/manuscript/Journals
  /IJCN/volume2/Issue6/IJCN-72.pdf
• Participatory Sensing
• Crowdsensing

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SAFIRENET Next Generation MultiNetworks
Information need

• Multitude of technologies
• WiFi (infrastructure, ad-hoc), WSN, UWB, mesh
  networks, DTN, zigbee
• SAFIRE Data needs
• Timeliness
• immediate medical triage to a FF with significant
  CO exposure
• Reliability
• accuracy levels needed for CO monitoring
• Limitations
• Resource Constraints
• Video, imagery
• Transmission Power, Coverage,
• Failures and Unpredictability
• Goal
• Reliable delivery of data over unpredictable
  infrastructure

DATA
NEEDS
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UCI I-Sensorium Infrastructure
Campus-wide infrastructure to instrument,
experiments, monitor, disaster drills to
validate technologies sensing, communicating,
storage computing infrastructure Software for
real-time collection, analysis, and processing of
sensor information used to create real time
information awareness post-drill analysis
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Mote Sensor Deployment
Heart Rate
Crossbow MIB510 Serial Gateway
Crossbow MDA 300CA Data Acquisition board on
MICAz 2.4Ghz Mote
Inertial positioning
IEEE 802.15.4 (zigbee)
To SAFIRE Server
Carbon monoxide
Temperature, humidity
Carboxyhaemoglobin, light
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UC Irvine Sensorium Boxes (building on Caltech
CSN project)

• Humidity
• control (de)humidifer, particularly for
  individuals with respiratory ailments
• Camera
• boiling pot, monitor pet's food and water, face
  recognition
• Microphone / accelerometer
• detect gunshot in an apartment building / complex
• Microphone / light sensor
• monitor thunderstorm activity

• SheevaPlug computer
• Accelerometer
• Ethernet
• Battery backup
• Additional Sensors
• Wi-Fi dongle, Smoke, Toxic gases (e.g. CO),
  Radiation, Humidity, Microphone, Camera

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Changing Application Query model

Solution Smart and adaptive energy harvesting
management schemes, exploiting applications
tolerance to quality degradation to manage
system energy consumption and satisfy energy
harvesting constraints
Advantages Perpetual system lifetime,
minimum maintenance cost Challenges Temporal
and Spatial variations in energy harvesting
sources
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Sustainability and CPS

• Smart campus
• The Software Defined Building?
• Integrating sensing with smart grid
• Smart water systems (opportunity)?
• Integrating Evs
• Simulation, Emulation F/ws