Ways to Increase Students

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Ways to Increase Students Vocabularythrough
Cognates
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• English-Spanish cognates . . .
• provide a fundamental building block for
• students. Science, in particular, has many
• cognates associated with it, and the words
• often come in groups so that learning is
• easier. The opportunity to move between
• the inquiry-based activities and reading
• and writing also enhances students
• learning.

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Cognate Types

• No shared cognate
• False cognate (words that resemble each other,
  but do not share meaning)
• Low-frequency English word that has a
  low- frequency Spanish cognate
• High-frequency English word that has a
  low-frequency Spanish cognate
• High-frequency English word that has a
  high-frequency Spanish cognate
• Low-frequency English word that high- frequency
  Spanish cognate
• most important

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Benefits of Teaching Cognates

• Enhanced vocabulary
• Enhanced comprehension
• Increased linguistic knowledge
• Increased ability to converse and write

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Kinds of Activities

• Create cognate (sister word) walls (similar to
  word wallsbut with pairs).
• Discuss nuances of words (In this story, is the
  girl pretty or elegant?).
• Ask what words have in common (What do the words
  breakfast and snack have in common?).
• Ask how words are different (What is the
  difference between a lake and an ocean?).
• Build semantic webs.
• Use feature analysis charts.

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• Use reading logs that link students entries to
  text elements. Then study the logs for
  possibilities for cognates. (qualities of
  characters, for example)
• Use interactive read-aloud to increase awareness.
  List cognates as they arise in the reading.
• Build prior knowledge conceptually, but also
  through vocabulary.
• Use word study notebooks.
• Study derivations. (example)

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Category Jungle Animals fur roars
quick stripes eats meat Lion
- Tiger
Elephant - - - -
Giraffe - -
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List Group - Label

• Brainstorm and list all the words you can think
  of that relate to .
• Reread your list and look for groups of words
  that are similar or have something in common
  with one another.
• Circle like-things on your list with a color or
  use a code such as or a .
• Label the groups. The above example might be
  labeled as Things Emitted from a Volcano. Other
  labels for the words generated from the stimulus
  word volcano might include Results of
  Volcanic Eruption, Hot Volcanic Parts, and
  Famous Volcanoes.
• Extend by creating a web or chart.