DRUG

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DRUG ALCOHOL TRAINING FOR SUPERVISORS

• Prepared by DAVID HELTON
• PROGRAM ADMINISTRATOR

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Purpose of Presentation

• To provide Training for Supervisors as required
  by FMCSA 382.603
• To provide Reasonable Suspicion training as
  required by FMCSA 382.307
• To provide 60 minutes of Substance abuse
  observation training/discussion.
• To provide 60 minutes of Alcohol abuse
  observation training/discussion.

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382.307 Reasonable Suspicion testing

• An employer shall require a driver to submit to
  an alcohol test when the employer has reasonable
  suspicion to believe that the driver has violated
  prohibitions of subpart (b) of this part
  concerning alcohol. The employers determination
  that reasonable suspicion exists to require the
  driver to undergo an alcohol tests must be based
  on specific contemporaneous (EXISTING OR CREATED
  IN THE SAME PERIOD OF TIME )
• articulable observations concerning work
  performance, appearance, behavior, speech or body
  odors of the driver.

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382.307 Reasonable Suspicion testing

• (b) An employer shall require a driver to submit
  to an substance test when the employer has
  reasonable suspicion to believe that the driver
  has violated prohibitions of subpart (b) of this
  part concerning substance abuse. The employers
  determination that reasonable suspicion exists to
  require the driver to undergo a substance tests
  must be based on specific contemporaneous,
  articulable observations concerning the work
  performance, appearance, behavior, speech or body
  odors of the driver.

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382.307 Reasonable Suspicion testing

• The observations may include indications of the
  chronic and withdrawal effects of controlled
  substances.

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382.307 Reasonable Suspicion testing

• (c) The required observations for alcohol and/or
  controlled substances reasonable suspicion
  testing shall be made by a supervisor or company
  official who is trained in accordance with
  382.603. The person who makes the determination
  that reasonable suspicion exists to conduct an
  alcohol test shall not conduct the alcohol test
  of the driver.

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382.307 Reasonable Suspicion testing

• (d) Alcohol testing is authorized by this
  section only if the observations required by
  paragraph (a) of this section are made during,
  just preceding, or just after the period of the
  work day that the driver is required to be in
  compliance with this part. A driver may be
  directed by the employer to only undergo
  reasonable suspicion testing while the driver is
  performing safety sensitive functions, just
  before safety sensitive functions, or just after
  the driver has ceased safety-sensitive functions.
  

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382.307 Reasonable Suspicion testing

• (e)(1) If an alcohol test required by this
  section is not administered within two hours
  following the determination under paragraph (a)
  of this section, the employer shall prepare and
  maintain on file a record stating the reasons the
  alcohol tests was not promptly administered. If
  an alcohol test required by this section is not
  administered within eight hours following the
  determination under paragraph (a) of this
  section, the employer shall cease attempts to
  administer an alcohol test and shall state in the
  record the reasons for not administering the
  tests.

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382.307 Reasonable Suspicion testing

• (2) Notwithstanding the absence of a reasonable
  suspicion alcohol tests under this section, no
  driver shall report for duty or remain on duty
  requiring the performance of safety-sensitive
  functions while the driver is under the influence
  of or impaired by alcohol, as shown by the
  behavioral, speech, and performance indicators of
  alcohol misuse, nor shall an employer permit the
  driver to perform safety-sensitive functions or
  continue to perform safety-sensitive functions,
  Until

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382.307 Reasonable Suspicion testing

1. An alcohol tests is administered and the drivers
   Alcohol concentration is less than 0.02 or
2. Twenty four hours have elapsed following the
   determination under paragraph (a) of this section
   that there is reasonable suspicion to believe
   that the driver has violated the prohibitions
   this part concerning the use of alcohol.

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382.307 Reasonable Suspicion testing.

• (3) Except as provided in paragraph (e)(2) of
  this section, no employer shall take action under
  this part against a driver solely based on the
  drivers behavior and appearance, with respect to
  alcohol use, in the absence of an alcohol tests.
  This does not prohibit an employer with
  independent authority of this part from taking
  action, otherwise consistent with law.

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382.307 Reasonable Suspicion testing

• (f) A written record shall be made of the
  observations leading to an alcohol or controlled
  substances reasonable suspicion test, and signed
  by the supervisor or company official who made
  the observations , within 24 hours of the
  observed behavior or before the results of the
  alcohol or controlled substances tests are
  released , whichever is earlier

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382.603 Training for Supervisors

• Each employer shall ensure that all persons
  designated to supervise drivers receive at least
  60 minutes of training on alcohol misuse and
  receive 60 minutes of training on controlled
  substances use. . The training will be used by
  supervisors to determine whether reasonable
  suspicion exists to require a driver to undergo
  testing under 382.307. The training shall include
  the physical, behavioral, speech, and performance
  indicators of controlled substances . Recurrent
  training is not required

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Stimulants

• Amphetamine/Methamphetamine/Cocaine
• Also known as Speed, Ice, Crystal, Crank Coke,
  Crack, Meth-amphetamine.
• Pharmaceutical Names Adderall,
  ( Amphetamine for A.d.d.)

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Stimulants

• Ecstasy(MDMA), Eve(MDA)
• These drugs will screen positive for Amphetamine
  or Methamphetamine, but will Confirm Negative for
  Amphetamine or Methamphetamine.
• USDOT does test for these drugs as of
  10/01/2010

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Meth-amphetamine
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The Results of Meth Addiction
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Stimulants Physical Description/Admin.

• Coarse Powder
• Small White to Clear Crystals
• Capsules Various Size Colors
• Tablets Various Size Colors
• Snorted, Injected, Smoked, Swallowed

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Stimulants Physical Indicators Clinical Effects

• Restlessness, body tremors, excitement
• Euphoria, talkativeness, anxiety
• Dry mouth
• Depression, sedation ( post effect)
• dilated pupils
• elevated temp, burns on lips hands
• Odors of ( cat urine type smell )
• dehydration
• Increased Heart Rate, Tachycardia, Palpations,
  Arrhythmias

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Stimulants .. Appearance, Behavior

• Needle marks on arms
• Long little finger nail ( typical in South
  American/Mexican users)
• Sniffing
• Redness around nasal area
• Irritability
• Agitation
• Raspy hoarse speech
• Talkativeness
• Twitching/jerking motions
• Swinging of arms
• Lack of concentration
• Looking away from the person who is speaking to
  them. (hiding the pupils.)

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Stimulants

• Duration of Effects
• Cocaine 5 90 Minutes
• Amphetamine 4 8 Hours
• Methamphetamine 12 Hours
• MDMA, MDA 4 8 Hours

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Stimulants

• Detection Times in Urine
• Amphetamine/Methamphetamine 1 2 days in
  Urine
• Cocaine - 2 4 days in Urine
• MDMA, MDA 1 day
• Detection times can increase by frequency of use

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Depressants Sedatives -Hypnotics

• Barbiturates, Amytal, Butisol, Nembutal, Luminal,
  Seconal, Tuinal, Florinal
• Also known as Barbs, Downers, Tranqs
• Benzodiazepines, Ativan, Halcion, Librium,
  Valium, Xanax, Rohypnol
• Also known as Bennies, Rophies
• Methqualone, Quaalude also known as Ludes

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Depressants Physical Description Administration

• Tablets
• Capsules
• Liquid
• White Powder
• Typically Oral , Occasionally injected

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Depressants - Physical Indicators Clinical
Effects

• Depression, Disorientation
• Sedation, Sluggish
• Droopy Eyelids
• Slowed Slurred Speech
• Hypnotic
• Dilated Pupils

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Depressants - Duration of Effects

• Barbiturates 1 16 Hours
• Benzodiazepines (tranquilizers) 4 8 hours
• Methaqualone 14 days

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Depressants - Detection Times

• Barbiturates 1 day ( short acting ) in Urine
• Barbiturates 2 to 3 weeks ( long acting ) in
  Urine
• Benzodiazepines 3 days ( short acting ) in
  Urine
• Benzodiazepines 4 6 weeks ( Chronic Use) in
  Urine
• Methaqualone 14 days
• Detection times can increase by frequency of use

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Narcotics Analgesics Opiates

• Also Known As..
• Smack
• Tar
• Chasing the Dragon
• Heroin
• chiva

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Heroin
What is heroin? A) Heroin is an illegal, highly
addictive opiate drug. Its abuse is more
widespread than any other opiate. Heroin is
processed from morphine, a naturally occurring
substance extracted from the seed pod of certain
varieties of poppy plants. It is typically sold
as a white or brownish powder or as the black
sticky substance known on the streets as "black
tar heroin." Although purer heroin is becoming
more common, most street heroin is "cut" with
other drugs or with substances such as sugar,
starch, powdered milk, or quinine. Street heroin
can also be cut with strychnine or other poisons.
Because heroin abusers do not know the actual
strength of the drug or its true contents, they
are at risk of overdose or death. Heroin also
poses special problems because of the
transmission of HIV and other diseases that can
occur from sharing needles or other injection
equipment.
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Narcotics Analgesics Opiates

• Pharmaceutical Names ..
• Heroin ( no longer a Pharmaceutical name )
• Morphine
• Codeine
• Oxy Cotine
• Oxycodone
• Dilaudid
• Percodan
• Vicodin (hydrocodone)
• Propoxyphene (Darvon) No longer available
• Methadone

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Narcotics Analgesics Opiates

• Physical Description Administration
• White, Brown, or Black Powder
• Liquids
• Tablets
• Capsules
• Injectable
• Oral
• Snorted
• Smoked

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Narcotics Analgesics Opiates

• Physical Indicators Clinical Effects
• Droopy Eyelids
• Drowsiness
• Depressed reflexes
• Raspy slow speech
• Depression
• Sedation
• Pupil size Pinpoint
• Shallow Breathing, Slowed Heart Rate

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Narcotics Analgesics Opiates

• Duration of Effects
• Opiates 4 6 Hours
• Methadone Up to 24 hrs
• Propoxyphene up to 24 Hours

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Narcotics Analgesics Opiates

• Detection Times in Urine
• Opiates 2 days in Urine
• Methadone 3 days in Urine
• Propoxyphene 6 hrs to 2 days in Urine
• Detection times can increase by frequency of use

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Phencyclidine

• Also Known As
• PCP
• Angel Dust
• Sherman
• No Pharmaceutical Use
• Embalming Fluid (Could be component )
• Not Widely used

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Phencyclidine

• Physical Description Administration
• Pills
• Capsules
• White Powder
• Oral , Injected, Snorted, Smoked
• Sherman cigarette dipped in embalming fluid,
  dried, then smoked.

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Phencyclidine

• Physical Indicators Clinical Effects
• Blank Stare
• Incomplete Verbal Response
• Confusion
• Odor of Chemical type smell
• Aggressive Behavior
• Elevated Blood Pressure

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Phencyclidine

• Duration of Effects
• 4 6 Hours
• Detection Times
• 14 days in Urine

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LSD Hallucinogens

• This is not part of USDOT testing, you would need
  to request under Non-Dot Test.
• Also Known as Acid
• White Crystalline material
• Impregnated Sugar Cubes
• Blotter Paper
• Gelatin Sheets
• Causes Dilated Pupils , Visual Illusions, Sensory
  Cross Over, Raised Heart Rate
• Detection Time 2 4 Days in Urine ( Specimen is
  Photo Sensitive)

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Marijuana Cannabis - THC

• Also Known As
• Dope, Weed, Hemp, Hash, Columbian, Sensemilla
• Street Slang 420, or 13, Chronic.
• Pharmaceutical Names Marinol

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Marijuana Cannabis - THC

• Physical Description
• Dry Crusted Leaves, Buds ( Green or Brown)
• Hand Rolled Cigarettes
• Hard Chunks of Resin
• Dark, Viscous Liquid

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Marijuana
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Marijuana Cannabis - THC

• Administration
• Smoked
• Cooked Eaten in Foods
• Boiled Drank as Tea

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Marijuana Cannabis THC

• Physical Indicators - Clinical Effects
• Redness of eye or Conjunctiva
• Odor of Marijuana
• Increased Appetite ( munchies)
• Disorientation, Agitation ( quick temper)
• Increased Heart Rate
• Increased Blood Pressure
• Photophobia
• Paranoia

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Marijuana Cannabis - THC

• Duration of Effects
• 2 3 Hours Impairment can last up to 24 Hours
  without self Awareness

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Marijuana Cannabis - THC

• Detection Time in Urine
• Detection time is just a few days up to 2
  months. This is based on the individuals
  Metabolism, Frequency Quantity of Use.
• Also the Potency of Marijuana Varies which
  effects the Absorption Rate.
• Marijuana is a Fat Bound Metabolite, and this is
  why detection time is longer.

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Alcohol (Ethyl)

• Pharmaceutical Name Ethanol
• Detected in Urine up to 12 Hours
• Clinical Effects
• Intoxication
• Loss of Motor Control
• Lethargy (fatigue)
• Aggressive behavior
• Stupor
• Alcohol Odor from Breath Sweat Glands

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Alcohol (Ethyl)

• The Rules prohibit a covered employee from
  performing Safety-Sensitive functions IF..
• A Breath test results indicates an alcohol
  concentration of 0.040 or greater. This will
  Require a completion of a SAP (Substance Abuse
  Professional Evaluation) before returning to
  Safety-Sensitive functions or
• If they Refuse an Alcohol test.
• When Results are 0.020 0.039, employee must be
  removed from Safety-Sensitive for 24 Hours and
  until they receive a test below 0.020 This is
  not a violation that requires a SAP (Substance
  Abuse Professional Evaluation)

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Alcohol (Ethyl)

• . What is Alcohol ?
• gtIts is a drug gt It is a poison (toxin)
• gtIt is a food gt It is a depressant
• Acts like Novocain by dulling the nerve
  endings. Supplies body energy, Slows body
  functions, can burn, is volatile, has little
  smell, loves water.
• gtIt is addictive gtIt impairs performance

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Alcohol (Ethyl)

• Chemically alcohol is made up of hydrogen,
  carbon, and oxygen atoms. There are 3 types of
  alcohol
• Methyl or Methanol is derived from products
  containing cellulose. Not for human consumption
• Isopropyl Alcohol is generally used as a
  disinfectant, not for human consumption.
• Ethyl or Ethanol is derived from fermentation of
  fruits, vegetables and grains. This is most
  commonly consumed by humans

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Alcohol Blood Levels

• 0.04 The level at which the American Medical
  Association determined all people are impaired to
  some degree. Also USDOT Violation Level
• 0.05 0.10 Signs of impairment become more
  pronounced
• 0.08 Level of presumptive driver impairment in
  many states.
• 0.16 Average DUII arrest.
• 0.25 High Level of Impairment
• 0.30-0.40 Possible Coma result
• 0.50 Life Threatening, Death.

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Alcohol related Accidents
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Questions and Answers

• What are the observations that a Supervisor must
  make before determining reasonable suspicion ?
  appearance , behavior, speech, body odors,
  Work Performance, Physical indicators.
• What type of record must be on file within 24
  hours of the observed behavior, and before the
  any test are released ? Written
• What is the detection time of Cocaine in Urine ?
  2 4 days
• What is Phencyclidine ? PCP, Angel Dust
• What is the Pharmaceutical use PCP ? No
  Pharmaceutical Use
• How long is Alcohol detectable in Urine ? Up to
  12 Hours
• Name 1 drugs that are not tested under USDOT?
  LSD.

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Questions and Answers

• 8) What is 3 Physical Indicators of Marijuana ?
• Redness of eye or Conjunctiva
• Odor of Marijuana
• Increased Appetite ( munchies)
• Disorientation, Agitation ( quick temper)
• Increased Heart Rate
• Increased Blood Pressure
• Photophobia
• Paranoia

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Questions and Answers

• What are 3 types of Alcohol ?
• gtEthyl or Ethanol
• gt Methyl or Methanol
• gt Isopropyl

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Questions and Answers

• What level of Alcohol Intoxication is a USDOT
  Violation ?
• 0.04 and higher

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Recognizing Symptoms

• The following are a list of performance and
  behavior problems that are common to substance
  abuse. However, it is important to remember that
  these symptoms do not necessarily indicate as
  substance abuse problem.
• next slide

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Recognizing SymptomsPERFORMANCE

• inconsistent work quality
• poor concentration
• lowered productivity
• increased absenteeism
• unexplained disappearances from jobsite
• errors in judgment
• careless mistakes
• needless risk taking

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Recognizing Symptoms

• BEHAVIOR
• frequent financial problems
• avoidance of friends
• blaming others
• not looking others in eyes ( looking away to
  avoid pupil detection)
• Complaints and ill temper
• excuses and vaguely defining illnesses
• deterioration in personal appearances

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Observing and Documenting Current Indicators

• Patterns of Performance and Behavior should be
  documented by a Supervisor and accompanied by
  indicators of impairment to establish Reasonable
  Cause. This should be brought to the attention
  of a Human Resource Medical Nurse or
  Administrator.

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Documenting Current Indicators

• __Constricted Pupils
  __Drowsiness
• __Dilated Pupils __Order
  of Alcohol
• __Scratching __Nasal
  Secretion
• __Red or Watery Eyes __Dizziness
• __Involuntary Eye Movements __in-coordination
• __Sniffles
  __Unconsciousness
• __Excessive Activity __Inability
  to Verbalize
• __Nausea or Vomiting __Irritable
• __Flushed Skin
  __Argumentative
• __Sweating
  __Slurred Speech
• __Yawning
  __Bizarre Behavior
• __Twitching
  __Violent Behavior

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Determining Reasonable Cause

• If you are able to document one or more of the
  previous indicators, Ask yourself these Questions
  to establish reasonable cause.
• Has some form of impairment been shown in the
  employees appearance, actions or work performance
  ?
• Does the impairment result from possible drugs or
  alcohol ?
• Are the facts reliable ? Did you witness them
  personally ?
• Are the facts capable of explanation ?
• Are the facts capable of documentation ?
• Is the impairment current, today, now ?
• If you can Answer YES to all of these
  questions, then
• Reasonable
  Cause is established.
• Proceed to the Collection
  Site for testing.
• Employee Refusal to test is a DOT Violation.
  Contact your
• Medical Review Officer.

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How to Intervene

• When an employees performance begins to
  deteriorate for whatever reason, the supervisor
  has a right and responsibility to intervene.
  IMPORTANT gt If substance abuse is suspected, the
  intervention should only focus on work
  performance issues.
• Maintain Control of the conversation.
• Stick to the facts as they affect work
  performance.
• Dont rely on memory have all supporting
  documents and records available.
• Do not discuss your suspicion of alcohol or drug
  use with employee.
• Explain company policy regarding work
  performance.
• Offer help in resolving work performance issues.
• Exception If you smell alcohol or marijuana,
  Test employee immediately based on this
• Body Odor evidence.
• Always perform DOT Urine testing with a DOT
  Breath Alcohol Test combined for all
• Reasonable Cause Testing.

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Certification

• \ Instructions for SUPERVISOR
  TRAINING
•  
•  
•         The Designated Employer
  Representative(s) (DER) are to review the
  following workbook for approximately 2 hours.
•  
•         Quiz given M-F from 1200pm 300pm
  Pacific Time. When they have finished reading and
  discussing this workbook, call 800-582-8854 and I
  will give them their Quiz over the phone to fully
  certify them in this class.
•  
•         After the Quiz is passed, a
  Certificate will be sent out with additional
  Information.
•  
•         Also, Review Employer Responsibilities
  on the Links button _at_ www.TruckSafeWorkplace.com
  
•  
• If you have any questions please
  call David Helton _at_ (800) 582 -8854
•