Automatic Generation Control Of UAE power system

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Automatic Generation Control Of UAE power system
United Arab Emirates University College of
Engineering Department of Electrical
Engineering Graduation Project II
Name of Group ID
Halima Ali Khalfan 200210259
Sheikha Mohamed Hebsi 200309885
Fatima Mohammed Ahbabi 200302931
Suaad Edrees Shehhi 200310726
Project Advisor Dr. Abdulla Ismail
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Out line

• Introduction.
• Summary about our project.
• Review GP1 task.
• Load Frequency Controller (LFC).
• Single area LFC System with PI controller model
• Multi-areas LFC System with PI controller model
• fuzzy logic controller
• Single Area LFC with fuzzy logic controller
• Single Area LFC with fuzzy logic and Integral
  controller
• Comparison between fuzzy and integral controller
• Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR).
• Single area AVR System with PI D controller
  model
• Multi-areas AVR System with PID controller model
• Automatic Generation Controller (AGC)
• Conclusion.

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Introduction

• The Project
• Automatic Generation Control system
• The Advantages
• Limits the variations
• Avoid machine damages
• Avoid blackouts
• Enhance the system reliability and security

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AGC Overview

Gp1
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Review GP1 task
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Load Frequency Control (LFC)
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Load Frequency Control (LFC)

• Feedback.
• Sensor.
• Frequency fixed.
• Frequency of UAE power system 50 Hz

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Load Frequency Controller (LFC)

• Single area LFC System model with PI controller
  model
• Case 1 Non-reheater LFC with PI controller model

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Load Frequency Controller (LFC)
The frequency error of reheater with PI and
without PI controller model
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Load Frequency Controller (LFC)

• Case 2 Um-Annar LFC with PI controller model

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Load Frequency Controller (LFC)
The frequency error of Um-Annar with PI
controller model
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Load Frequency Controller (LFC)

• 2. Multi-areas LFC System with PI controller model

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Load Frequency Controller (LFC)
Frequency error for two different LFC system
areas with PI and without controller
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Introduction to the fuzzy logic
Logic, discrete and crisp
0 OR 1
Some thing between 0 and 1
Fuzzy logic
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Fuzzy Logic Control Application

• Cameras
• Washing machines
• Microwave ovens
• Industrial process control
• Medical instrumentation

• Automatic control
• Data classification
• Decision analysis
• Expert systems
• Computer vision

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Fuzzy Controller Elements

• fuzzy controller is composed of the following
  four elements
• A rule-base (a set of If-Then rules)
• An inference mechanism
• A fuzzification interface
• A defuzzification interface

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Block diagram of a fuzzy control system
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Fuzzy logic process

• Fuzzify the input
• Frequency deviation
• Frequency deviation rate

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Fuzzy logic process
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Rule Table for power system LFC model
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Fuzzy logic process
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Fuzzy logic process
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Fuzzy logic process
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Single Area LFC with Fizzy logic

• Case 1 Single Areas Reheater model with Fuzzy
  logic Controller

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Single Area LFC with Fizzy logic output
The frequency error of reheater with fuzzy logic
controller model
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Comparing between Fuzzy and integral controller
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Single Area LFC with Fizzy logic and integral
controller

• Single Areas reheater LFC with fuzzy logic and
  Integral controller model

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Single Area LFC with Fizzy logic and integral
controller output
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Comparing between Fuzzy and integral controller
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Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR)
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Introduction for the AVR system

• What is the AVR system?
• Why we need the AVR system?
• Where its connect in the power system?
• What elements its consist of?

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The AVR system

• Make the system efficient.
• Consist of sensor, amplifier, exciter and
  generator.
• Deals with the reactive power.

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The AVR system

• This is diagram for AVR system and it shows where
  it is connected in the generation system

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Modeling and Simulation
Simple AVR System
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What is Happening in the AVR system?

• The amplifier comes first in the AVR system to
  amplify the error signal.
• Then the error signals alter the exciter and
  consequently the generator.
• The sensor sense the voltage output and send it
  to the transducer and the transducer send in the
  signal after comparing it to the amplifier.

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Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR)

• Single Area (AVR) without PID controller

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Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR)
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Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR)

• Single Area Automatic Voltage Control (AVR) with
  PID controller

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The output voltage with PID controller
Case 1 (Kd0.2,Ki0.2,Kp0.2).
Case 2 (Kd0.1,Ki0.1,Kp1).
Case 4 (Kd0.3,Ki1,Kp0.2).
Case 3 (Kd3,Ki0.3,Kp0.1).
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Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR)
Steady State Error Settling Time (s) Overshoot Kp Ki Kd Cases
0 13 1.025 0.2 0.2 0.2 1
Not reach 15 1.002 1 0.1 0.1 2
0.01 140 1.7 0.1 0.3 3 3
0.001 22 1.66 0.2 1 0.3 4
The case 1 is the best case because it has less
time settling, less overshoot and less steady
state error.
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Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR)

• Multi-areas LFC System with PID controller model

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Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR)

• Studying cases of AVR system of two area
• - Case 1 Area 1 and 2 are in the normal
  situation. (V10 V20) .
• - Case 2 Area 1 is overloaded at step o f 0.1.
  Area 2 is in the normal situation. (V1 0.1 V2
  0) .
• - Case 3 Areas 1 and 2 are overloaded at step of
  0.1 for each area. (V1 0.1 V2 0.1) .
• - Case 4 Area 1 and 2 are overloaded at step of
  0.1 and 0.2 respectively. (V1 0.1 V2 0.2) .

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The output voltage response with PID controller
( two area)

• Case 1 (V10 V20)

Case 2 (V1 0.1 V2 0)
Case 4 (V1 0.1 V2 0.2)
Case 3 (V1 0.1 V2 0.1)
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Advantages and Disadvantages PID

• Advantages of PID
• Fast response and small error (due to the
  proportional gain).
• Reduced steady-state error (due to the integral
  gain).
• - Reduced overshoot (due to the derivative
  gain).
• Disadvantages of PID
• There is no formal way to determine the best PID
  gains.

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Automatic Generation Controller (AGC)

• The connection between the AVR and the LFC
  systems only represented in some constants K1,
  K2etc.
• The main concentration in AGC system is the LFC
  part more than the AVR system.
• If the LFC system wasnt stable the AGC system
  will not be stable

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Automatic Generation Controller

• case 1 AGC ( LFC (Um annar ) without
  controller AVR)
• case 2 AGC ( LFC (Um annar ) with controller
  AVR)
• case3 AGC ( LFC Non Reaheater) with PI
  controller AVR with PID controller )

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AGC ( LFC (Um annar ) without controller AVR)
LFC (Um annar)
AVR system
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AGC ( LFC (Um annar ) without controller AVR)
Case 2 K11,K25,K30.3,K40
Case 1 K11, k20 ,k30.8 , k41
Case 3 K10,K23,K30.2,K40.8
Case 4 K10.5,K21,K30,K45
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The output of AGC ( LFC (Um annar ) without
controller AVR)

• best Case K1 1 , K2 -1.3 , K30.1 ,K44

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AGC (LFC without controller and AVR)
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AGC (LFC without controller and AVR)
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AGC ( LFC (Um annar ) with controller AVR)
LFC (Um annar) with controller
AVR system
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AGC ( LFC (Um annar ) with controller AVR)
Case 1 K11, k20 ,k30.8 , k41
case 2K11, k25 ,k30.5 , k40
Case 3 K15, k20 ,k30 , k43
Case 4K15, k25 ,k30.8 , k40
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AGC (LFC with controller and AVR)
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AGC ( LFC (Non Reaheater) with PI AVR with PID
controller )
LFC with PI
AVR with PID
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AGC ( LFC (Non Reaheater) with PI AVR with PID
controller )
Case 1 K1 0.5, K20.3 , K3 0.6, K4 0.3
Case 2 K1 0.5, K21, K3 2, K4 0.9
Case 3 K1 3, K21 , K3 3.5, K4 0.9
Case 4 K1 3.5, K24 , K3 5.5, K4 2
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AGC ( LFC (Non Reaheater) with PI AVR with PID
controller )

• best Case K11.7, K2-1 ,K3 1 ,K44

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AGC ( LFC (Non Reaheater) with PI AVR with PID
controller )
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AGC ( LFC (Non Reaheater) with PI AVR with PID
controller )
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Conclusion

• The purpose of AGC is the tracking of load
  variations while maintaining system frequency,
  net tie-line interchanges, and optimal generation
  levels close to specified values.
• AGC has more advantages than the previous
  technique such as, increasing generation ability,
  improve ability of load increase recovery, more
  efficient for detecting and fixing power faults,
  saving time.

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Conclusion

• LFC is used to regulate the output power of each
  generator at prescribed levels while keeping the
  frequency fluctuations within pre-specified
  limits.
• The study of AVR
• show what is the important of the
  proportional-integral-derivative action (PID)
  controller.
• The LFC system is much slower than the AVR due to
  the mechanical inertia constant in LFC.

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Conclusions

• Our goal in the end is to design a control system
  that serves the power network in the UAE for
  better performance and better power services in
  terms of consumption and supplement.
• Enhance our skills and understanding of
  Engineering project design and management.
• Achieve the best as an outcome of a successful
  group work.

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Thank you for your listening