Wayne

1

• Waynes condensed solar system notes
• What is solar system?
• Sun (star) and All else which is
  gravitationally bound
• Star has enough mass to ignite hydrogen fusion
• Sun all else
  Jupiter
• 1 solar mass 1/700 solar mass
  1/1000
• What is a planet?
• revolves around the sun (ie not a moon)
• enough mass to be round
• not too elliptical an orbit (ie not Pluto)

2
(No Transcript)
3
Types of Planets (also
inferior/superior) Terrestrial
Jovian Mercury i
Jupiter s Venus i
Saturn s Earth
Uranus
s Mars s
Neptune s Earths Moon
Characteristics Terrestrial
Jovian rocky gas
giants little atmosphere 4x to 11x in f close
in far out 1x in mass 15x to 320x in
mass no surface
4

• Moons (2005)
• Terrestrial
  Jovian
• Mercury 0
  Jupiter 63
• Venus 0
  Saturn 47
• Earth 1
  Uranus 27
• Mars 2
  Neptune 13
• Earths Moon
• Oddball Pluto 3
• recently demoted from planethoodwhy??
• round?
• varying in brightness?
• there are many TNOs, some heavier
• Sedna, 30x Neptunes aphelion

5
(No Transcript)
6
(No Transcript)
7

• Kuiper Belt
• 2x Neptunes orbit
• in plane of the solar system
• Lots of objects
• Oort Cloud
• Radius 100,000 AU
• Far from sun, not much data (not much light
  reflected)
• Unknown mass
• We know it is spherical because comets come in at
  all angles.

8
Figure 32.03
9

• Was the solar system always the same??
• It is split into the innies separated by 0.3 to
  0.4 AU
• and the outies separated by 4 to 11 AU
• Lots of Jovian planets proven to orbit other
  stars?
• They are all innies.
• Are we different, or do planets change distances
• from the sun??
• This gives us our first Pseudoscience minute of
  the night,
• Immanuel Velikovsky who we covered on an earlier
  night

10
Was the solar system always the same?? He
postulated (I am being generous) that classical
history and the events in the Bible are explained
by near misses between Venus, Earth, and Mars.
He said that gravity was not enough to explain
celestial mechanics, and you must add
electromagnetics. Manna in the desert was from
atmosphere of Venus.. He was the last of the
catastrophists, writing Worlds in Collision in
1950 Needless to say, this is the worst kind of
hooey, or freely translated, slow and boring is
the ticket for solar system contruction!
11

• Sun
• 71 H
• 27 He
• 2 other stuff
• Terrestrial
  Jovian
• Rock Ice (solids for
• 
  them, volatiles for us)
• Si H20
• Mg NH3
• Al CH4
• S
• Fe
• Ni

12
How to get the mass of a planet Newton a moon
observe period? total mass d distance
thetad P Period Get distance from
regular Keplers second law P2 a3 Mtotal 4
p2 d3 / G P2 Keplers 3rd law in
Non- Planetary Units (mks, cgs but not years
and AU) Volume 4 p R3 / 3 ? Mass /
Volume R distance thetaR
d
?d
?R
R
distance
13
(No Transcript)
14

• Mostly cant go there to measure things, but
• Earth we have rocks and sound waves
• Moon we have rocks
• Mars we have rocks (Antarctic ice pack
  meteorites, sahara desert)

15

• We know something about abundances, looking at
  the sun, earth, and moon.
• Fe gtgt Au, Pb
• Magnetic fields -gt Fe, Ni
• Earth 5.53 kg/l Rocks 3.0 kg/l
  Fe 7.8 kg/l
• Jovial Terrestrial Asteroids
  TNOs
• 0.7 to 1.7 3.9 to 5.5 2.0 to 3.5 1.0
  to 2.0
• Ice, Gas Rock Rock, Ice Rock, lots of
  Ice

16
(No Transcript)
17
Origins First from 3rd grade, Mrs
Greenberg 1954no longer in vogue---stars are so
far apart that this just does not happen, never,
zippo, nunca, nada, nyet, nicht, chan
eil.. Entire galaxies can collide and not one
star will collide with any other.
18

• Must explain
• Flatness
• Outie composition like the sun
• Innie no gases
• Outie gases
• Cratering
• Atmospheres
• How old is it?

19

• Before the theory, how old is it??
• Mirabile dictu, God/Nature has left us a clock,
  in fact many of them
• Radioactivity is completely random. (big take
  home message)
• Fraction left (1/2)(t/H) H is the
  half-life in the same units as t for time
• Radioactive potassium K has an H of 1.28 x 109
  years
• K-gt Ca, and Ar
• Earths rocks 4 billion
• Inclusions in Earths rocks 4.4 billion
• Moon, and meteorites 4.5 billion
• Age of the Sun 5 billion years (discussed in
  2 weeks)

20
(No Transcript)
21
Enter Immanuel Kant, and Laplace with the Solar
Nebula Theory Interstellar cloud gravity
maybe a supernova kick in the pants solar
system
10 AU
10 light years
200 AU
Biggest take home message of the
night Conservation of angular momentum makes
the flat disk necessary.
22
Dark Nebula
23
(No Transcript)
24
(No Transcript)
25
(No Transcript)
26
(No Transcript)