The New Frontier:

1
The New Frontier

• Libraries seek new Technology Platforms for and
  End-user Discovery, Collection Management, and
  Preservation

Marshall Breeding Director for Innovative
Technology and Research Vanderbilt University
Library Founder and Publisher, Library Technology
Guides http//www.librarytechnology.org/ http//tw
itter.com/mbreeding
11 September 2011
IGeLU
2
Abstract

• Marshall Breeding will provide his view of the
  changing landscape of library technologies.
  Academic, research, and public libraries
  experience great changes in the nature of their
  collections and in the expectation of their
  clientele. Increased involvement in electronic
  content and decreased emphasis on print
  collections press demand for tools that break
  away from traditional library management models
  and address a broader view of library
  collections. Libraries likewise face new
  imperatives to deliver end user interfaces
  consistent with that experienced elsewhere on the
  Web and that provide access to the entire span of
  library collections including print, local
  digital collections, and subscribed collections
  of articles, databases and e-books. Many
  libraries find themselves involved with content
  areas outside of traditional collections,
  including needs to manage or archive scientific
  data sets, and to deliver new types of services
  in support of research, teaching, or other
  strategic activities of their parent
  organizations. Traditional automation tools
  increasingly fail to meet expectations in this
  context. Breeding will discuss some of the
  issues and challenges involved for as new
  technologies emerge to address the changed
  realities of libraries today.

3
Library Technology Guides
www.librarytechnology.org
4
International Perceptions Survey
http//www.librarytechnology.org/perceptions2010.p
l
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ARL Member Libraries
http//www.librarytechnology.org/arl.pl
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Mergers and Acquisitions
http//www.librarytechnology.org/automationhistory
.pl
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Library Journal Automation Marketplace

• Published annually in April 1 issue
• Based on data provided by each vendor
• Focused primarily on North America
• Context of global library automation market

8
ILS Sales Statistics total
System Name 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2010
AGent VERSO 14 19 6 23 15 54 47 24 18
Evergreen               6 18
Voyager 50 44 35 22 34 12 4 5 2
ALEPH 500 80 58 51 53 83 67 29 26 47
Vubis Smart 13 34 54 56 60 56 40 46 12
V-Smart               11 12
Millennium 157 136 144 119 107 95 95 64 45
Koha (Classic/ZOOM)           30 57 40 --
Library.Solution 79 70 73 58 41 34 35 32 30
Carl.X / Carl.Solution       1 3 10 0 0 0
Polaris ILS 12 21 20 37 39 54 32 56 33
Unicorn 117 207 124 134 91 71 121 108 --
Horizon 126 114 168 193 147 94 15 0 --
Virtua 37 60 67 35 25 27 30 39 18
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Ex Libris Personnel Data
Year Develop Support Sales Admin Other Total
2010 174 223 53 38 16 504
2009 165 206 52 32 12 467
2008 161 198 55 34 19 467
2007 129 187 53 49   418
2006 127 160 42 46 18 393
2005 57 93 39 23 49 261

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LJ Automation Marketplace

• Annual Industry report published in Library
  Journal
• 2011 New Frontier battle intensifies to win
  hearts, minds and tech dollars
• 2010 New Models, Core Systems
• 2009 Investing in the Future
• 2008 Opportunity out of turmoil
• 2007 An industry redefined
• 2006 Reshuffling the deck
• 2005 Gradual evolution
• 2004 Migration down, innovation up
• 2003 The competition heats up
• 2002 Capturing the migrating customer

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The New Frontier

• new phase of competition following a period of
  research and development that aimed to provide
  alternatives to libraries, both in back-end
  automation and end user discovery. A variety of
  new solutions have emerged, often representing
  quite different conceptual models. In a continued
  trend, librarians seek solutions that immediately
  improve the experiences of their users,
  especially via discovery products.

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Key Context Academic Libraries in Transition

• Shift from Print gt Electronic
• E-journal transition largely complete
• E-books now in play (consultation gt reading)
• Increasing emphasis on subscribed content,
  especially articles and databases
• Academic libraries seeing long-term declines in
  print circulation
• Need better tools for managing electronic
  resources
• Need better tools for access to complex
  multi-format collections
• Strong emphasis on digitizing local collections
• Demands for enterprise integration and
  interoperability

13
Key Context Technologies in transition

• XML / Web services / Service-oriented
  Architecture
• Beyond Web 2.0
• Integration of social computing into core
  infrastructure
• Local computing shifting to cloud platforms
• Application Service Provider offerings standard
• New expectations for multi-tenant
  software-as-a-service
• Full spectrum of devices
• full-scale / net book / tablet / mobile
• Mobile the current focus, but is only one example
  of device and interface cycles

14
Key Text Changed expectations in metadata
management

• Moving away from individual record-by-record
  creation
• Life cycle of metadata
• Metadata follows the supply chain, improved and
  enhanced along the way as needed
• Manage metadata in bulk when possible
• E-book collections
• Highly shared metadata
• E-journal knowledge bases, e.g.
• Great interest in moving toward semantic web and
  open linked data
• Very little progress in linked data for
  operational systems
• AACR2 gt RDA
• MARC gt RDF?

15
Status Quo Sustainable?

• ILS for management of (mostly) print
• Duplicative financial systems between library and
  campus
• Electronic Resource Management (non-integrated
  with ILS)
• OpenURL Link Resolver w/ knowledge base for
  access to full-text electronic articles
• Digital Collections Management platforms
  (CONTENTdm, DigiTool, etc.)
• Institutional Repositories (DSpace, Fedora, etc.)
• Discovery-layer services for broader access to
  library collections
• No effective integration services /
  interoperability among disconnected systems,
  non-aligned metadata schemes

16
Phase of realignment

• Strong need to realign library automation with
  current library realities
• Legacy library systems reinforce workflows no
  longer in step with library priorities.
• Need systems that allow libraries to allocate
  personnel in proper proportion to collection
• Separate automation platforms for print and
  electronic have not proven successful

17
Academic Library Issues

• Greater concern with electronic resources
• Management Need for consolidated approach that
  balances print, digital, and electronic workflows
• Access discovery interfaces that maximize the
  value of investments in electronic content

18
Public Library Issues

• Enhance the experience of library patrons
• Management and access to physical resources
• Self-service through the Web portal
• View current loans, perform holds, renewals, pay
  fines and fees
• Self-service in the physical library
• RFID-based self-issue and returns
• Helps the library deploy service personnel for
  highest impact

19
National Library Issues

• Larger-scale collections
• Cultural Heritage responsibilities
• National services bibliographic, resource
  sharing, automation, etc.
• National infrastructure technology platforms
  shared at the widest level

20
Digital preservation

• Libraries involved in creating digital libraries
  need processes and infrastructure for long-term
  preservation
• Open Archival Information Systems (OAIS) defines
  practices and protocols that need to be embodied
  in a digital preservation environment
• Trusted Digital Repositories meet standards for
  preservation appropriate for unique and valuable
  collections
• Digital preservation currently implemented in
  national, large research, and other
  well-resourced libraries and archives.
• Some institutional projects, some cooperative
• Common to have disaster recovery rare to
  implement true digital preservation

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A Cloudy Forecast for Libraries

• Systems Librarian Column, Sept 2011
• Service-oriented architectures and browser-based
  interfaces deployed through cloud-based
  infrastructure stand today as the key
  technologies preferred for new software
  development efforts
• http//www.infotoday.com/cilmag/sep11/Breeding.sht
  ml

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Cloud Computing

• Major trend in Information Technology
• Few organizations have core competence in
  large-scale computer infrastructure management
• Essentially outsourcing of server housing and
  management
• Usually based on a consumption-based business
  model
• Most new automation products delivered through
  some flavor of cloud computing
• Many flavors to suit business needs public,
  private, hybrid

23
Library Automation in the Cloud

• Almost all library automation vendors offer some
  form of cloud-based services
• Server management moves from library to Vendor
• Subscription-based business model
• Comprehensive annual subscription payment
• Offsets local server purchase and maintenance
• Offsets some local technology support

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Application Service Provider

• Vendor hosting of traditional ILS
• Technically Application Service Provider though
  marketed as SaaS
• Continued reliance on Graphical Clients deployed
  on each staff workstation that need to be updated
  and synched
• Vendor maintains individual instances for each
  library / site

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Software as a Service

• Multi Tennant SaaS is the modern approach
• One copy of the code base serves multiple sites
• Software functionality delivered entirely through
  Web interfaces
• No workstation clients
• Upgrades and fixes deployed universally
• Usually in small increments

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Data as a service

• SaaS provides opportunity for highly shared data
  models
• WorldCat one globally shared copy that serves
  all libraries
• Primo Central central index of articles
  maintained by Ex Libris shared by all libraries
  implementing Primo / Primo Central
• Global Knowledgebase of e-journal holdings shared
  among all customers of SFX
• General opportunity to move away from
  library-by-library metadata management to
  globally shared workflows

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Infrastructure as a Service

• Access to hardware provisioned from remote
  providers
• Examples
• Amazon Elastic Compute (EC2)
• Cloud and Simple Storage Service (S3)
• Many library automation vendors use IaaS to
  deploy their offerings

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Rethinking library automation

• Fundamental assumption Print Electronic
  Digital
• Traditional print-dominant ILS model not adequate
  for current and future library realities
• Libraries currently involved with a core ILS
  surrounded by additional modules to handle
  electronic content
• New discovery layer interfaces replacing or
  supplementing ILS OPACS
• Cloud technologies offer potential for new levels
  of efficiency and cooperation

It's Time to Break the Mold of the Original ILS
Computers in Libraries Nov/Dec 2007
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Competing Models of Library Automation

• Traditional Proprietary Commercial ILS
• Aleph, Voyager, Millennium, Symphony, Polaris,
• BOOK-IT, DDELibra, Libra.se
• LIBERO, Amlib, Spydus, TOTALS II
• Traditional Open Source ILS
• Evergreen, Koha
• New generation unified resource management
• Ex Libris Alma, Kuali OLE, OCLC Web-scale
  Management Services
• Cloud-based automation systems
• Ex Libris Alma
• OCLC Web-scale Management Service
• Serials Solutions Web-Scale Management Solution

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Comprehensive Resource Management

• No longer sensible to use different software
  platforms for managing different types of library
  materials
• -- ILS ERM OpenURL Resolver Digital Asset
  management, etc. very inefficient model
• Flexible platform capable of managing multiple
  type of library materials, multiple metadata
  formats, with appropriate workflows

31
Open Systems

• Achieving openness has risen as the key driver
  behind library technology strategies
• Libraries need to do more with their data
• Ability to improve customer experience and
  operational efficiencies
• Demand for Interoperability
• Open source full access to internal program of
  the application
• Open APIs expose programmatic interfaces to
  data and functionality

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Legacy LMS Model
Public Interfaces
Staff Interfaces
Interfaces
Circulation
Cataloging
Acquisitions
Serials
OnlineCatalog
BusinessLogic
DataStores
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Legacy ILS Model / API

Public Interfaces
Staff Interfaces
Interfaces
Application Programming Interfaces
Circulation
Cataloging
Acquisitions
Serials
OnlineCatalog
BusinessLogic
DataStores
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Legacy ILS Model protocol
InterlibraryLoan System
Protocols SIP2 NCIP Z39.50 OAI-PMH
Self-Check
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Legacy ILS Model / External API
ExternalSystems Services
Flexible Interoperability
Protocols SIP2 NCIP Z39.50 OAI-PMH
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New Library Management Model
Self-Check /Automated Return
Library Management System
StockManagement
Enterprise ResourcePlanning
Smart Cad / Payment systems
LearningManagement
AuthenticationService
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Library Services Platform

• Possible new term for the successor to the ILS
• ILS now viewed as print-centric
• Next Generation systems must serve as platforms
  to connect external systems as well as to deliver
  internal functionality
• Delivered Functionality library created
  extensions interoperability

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New models of Library Collection Discovery

• From local discovery to Web-scale discovery

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Next-Gen Library Catalogs
Marshall Breeding Neal-Schuman Publishers March
2010
Volume 1 of The Tech Set
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Online Catalog
ILS Data
Search Results
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Disjointed approach to information and service
delivery

• Silos Prevail
• Books Library OPAC (ILS module)
• Articles Aggregated content products, e-journal
  collections
• OpenURL linking services
• E-journal finding aids (Often managed by link
  resolver)
• Subject guides (e.g. Springshare LibGuides)
• Local digital collections
• ETDs, photos, rich media collections
• Metasearch engines
• All searched separately

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Federated Search
ILS Data
Digital Collections
ProQuest
Search Results
EBSCOhost

MLA Bibliography
ABC-CLIO
Real-time query and responses
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Next-gen Catalogs or Discovery Interface

• Single search box
• Query tools
• Did you mean
• Type-ahead
• Relevance ranked results
• Faceted navigation
• Enhanced visual displays
• Cover art
• Summaries, reviews,
• Recommendation services

44
Discovery Interface search model
ILS Data
Digital Collections
Local Index
ProQuest
Search Results
EBSCOhost
MetaSearch Engine

MLA Bibliography
ABC-CLIO
Real-time query and responses
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Discovery Products
http//www.librarytechnology.org/discovery.pl
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Differentiation in Discovery

• Products increasingly specialized between public
  and academic libraries
• Public libraries emphasis on engagement with
  physical collection
• Academic libraries concern for discovery of
  heterogeneous material types, especially books
  articles digital objects

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Discovery from Local to Web-scale

• Initial products focused on technology
• AquaBrowser, Endeca, Primo, Encore, VuFind,
• LIBERO Uno, Civica Sorcer, Axiell Arena
• Mostly locally-installed software
• Current phase focused on pre-populated indexes
  that aim to deliver Web-scale discovery
• Primo Central (Ex Libris)
• Summon (Serials Solutions)
• WorldCat Local (OCLC)
• EBSCO Discovery Service (EBSCO)
• Encore with Article Integration

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Citations / Metadata gt Full Text

• Citations or structured metadata provide key data
  to power search retrieval and faceted
  navigation
• Indexing Full-text of content amplifies access
• Important to understand depth indexing
• Currency, dates covered, full-text or citation
• Many other factors

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Web-scale Index-based Discovery
ILS Data
Digital Collections
ProQuest
EBSCOhost
Search Results
Consolidated Index

MLA Bibliography
ABC-CLIO
Pre-built harvesting and indexing
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Challenge for Relevancy

• Technically feasible to index hundreds of
  millions or billions of records through Lucene or
  SOLR
• Difficult to order records in ways that make
  sense
• Many fairly equivalent candidates returned for
  any given query
• Must rely on use-based and social factors to
  improve relevancy rankings

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Open Discovery Initiative

• Project underway to address issues related to
  information providers, discovery service
  providers, and libraries
• Protocols for transfer of content
• Transparency of what is transferred and indexed
• Rights or restrictions on how discovery services
  use content
• Initial meeting at ALA Annual
• Proposal under consideration by NISO
• Proposed New Work Item Standards and Best
  Practices for Library Discovery Services Based on
  Indexed Search

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Decoupled from ILS
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Decoupled Discovery?

• Decoupled interfaces emerged from broken online
  catalogs
• Poor interfaces, inadequate scope
• Inefficient integration between automation and
  discovery platforms
• New wave of more tightly integrated suites
• Ex Libris Alma gt Primo
• OCLC Web-scale Management Services gt WorldCat
  Local
• Serials Solutions Web-Scale Management Solution gt
  Summon
• Still possible to decouple, but more effort,
  worse results

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Delivering library services to mobile devices

• Increased expectationfor access to services
  through mobile
• Library services
• Mobile web
• Apps
• Carefully selectfunctionality appropriatefor
  mobile

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Tablet computing

• Tablet computers have been around for a while,
  but the introduction of Apples iPad increases
  popularity
• High-qualitydevice for content consumption
• Access to library services and content

http//www.csmonitor.com/Science/2010/0524/A-rundo
wn-of-the-best-iPad-astronomy-apps
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Questions and discussion
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Thanks!