Notebook

1
Basic Sentence Parts
Subjects Verbs Complements
2
What is a sentence?

• A complete sentence has a subject and a verb AND
  expresses a complete thought.
• Every sentence must have a subject and a verb

3
What is a simple subject?

• The word or group of words that tells who or what
  the sentence is about
• Always a noun or pronoun
• Can be compound (more than one)

4
What is a verb?

• Also called the predicate
• Tells what the subject does, what is done to the
  subject, or what the condition of the subject is
• Can be action or linking
• Can be a verb phrase a helping verb followed by
  another verb
• Can be compound

5
Complete Subjects and Complete Predicates

• Complete subject
• The subject and any words related to it
  (modifiers)
• Complete predicate
• The verb and any words related to it (objects,
  modifiers, etc.)

6
The Complement

• A word or group of words that completes the
  meaning of a sentence
• May be a noun, pronoun, or adjective
• Adverbs are NEVER complements
• Complements are NEVER part of a prepositional
  phrase
• Four types direct object, indirect object,
  predicate nominative, predicate adjective

7
The Direct Object

• A noun or pronoun that follows an ACTION verb
• Receives the action of the verb or shows the
  result of the action
• Tells what after the action verb
• Can be compound
• Never an adverb or in a prepositional phrase

8
Steps for Finding a Direct Object

1. Find the subject.
2. Find the verb. Determine if its action or
   linking.
3. If its an action verb, ask what after the
   subject and verb.
4. The answer is the direct object.

9
Example

• The dog carried the bone to its owner.
• Step 1 What is the subject?
• Dog
• Step 2 What is the verb?
• Carried Is it an action verb?
• Yes
• Step 3 The dog carried what?
• Bone
• Answer Bone is the direct object.

10
The Indirect Object

• A noun or pronoun that comes after an action verb
  and before a direct object receives the direct
  object
• Tells to who/what or for who/what
• There CANNOT be an indirect object without a
  direct object
• Can be compound
• Never an adverb or in a prepositional phrase

11
Steps for Finding an Indirect Object

• Follow the steps for finding a direct object.
• Next ask to who or what or for who or what.
• The answer is the indirect object.
• Subject AV IO DO

12
Example

• The student gave her teacher the assignment.
• Step 1 What is the subject?
• Student
• Step 2 What is the verb?
• Gave Is it an action verb? Yes
• Step 3 The student gave what?
• Assignment (So assignment is the
  direct
• object.)
• Step 4 The student gave the assignment to
• whom?
• Teacher
• Answer Teacher is the indirect object.

13
Subject Complements

• Subject complements follow LINKING verbs
  (remember that direct and indirect objects
  followed ACTION verbs)
• Subject complements are nouns, pronouns, and
  adjectives that follow linking verbs and tell
  something about the subject

14
Predicate Nominatives

• Nouns or pronouns that follow linking verbs and
  rename or identify the subject
• Called predicate nouns and predicate pronouns in
  your book
• Linking verb acts as an equal sign between the
  subject and predicate nominative
• Can be compound
• Never in a prepositional phrase
• Hint Predicate nominates tell what the subject
  is. The subject and the predicate nominative can
  be linked together with an equal signsee example.

15
Julie is a nice girl.

• 1. What is the subject?
• Julie
• 2. What is the verb? Is it action or linking?
• IsLinking verb
• 3. Is there a word in the predicate that renames
  or further identifies the subject?
• Yesgirl
• 4. Is that word a noun or pronoun?
• Yesgirl is a noun, which makes it a predicate
  nominative
• Hint Juliegirl

16
Predicate Adjectives

• Follow linking verbs and describe/modify the
  subject of the sentence
• Considered part of the predicate but does not
  describe words in the predicate
• Can be compound
• Never in a prepositional phrase
• Hint While it may sound awkward, predicate
  adjectives can trade places with the subject in a
  sentence.

17
Julie is nice.

• 1. What is the subject?
• Julie
• 2. What is the verb? Is it action or linking?
• IsLinking verb
• 3. Is there a word in the predicate that
  describes the subject?
• Yesnice describes the subject, Julie, which
  makes it a predicate adjective
• Hint Nice is Julie.

18
Steps for Finding Subject Complements

1. Find the subject.
2. Find the verb. Determine if its action or
   linking.
3. If the verb is linking, find the word that
   renames or identifies the subject OR the word
   that describes the subject. (in the predicate of
   the sentence)
4. If the word is renaming or identifying the
   subject and its a noun or pronoun, it is a PN.
   If the word is describing the subject and its an
   adjective, it is a PA.

19
The baby is cranky.

• Step 1 What is the subject?
• Baby
• Step 2 What is the verb?
• Is Is it action or linking?
  Linking
• Step 3 What word is renaming or
• describing the subject?
• Cranky
• Step 4 Is it a noun, pronoun, or adjective?
• Adjective
• Answer Cranky is the predicate adjective.

20
The baby is a boy.

• Step 1 What is the subject?
• Baby
• Step 2 What is the verb?
• Is Is it action or linking?
• Linking
• Step 3 What word is renaming or
• describing the subject?
• Boy
• Step 4 Is it a noun, pronoun, or adj?
• Noun
• Answer Boy is the predicate nominative.