Chapter 2. Structure of China Geography

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Chapter 2. Structure of China Geography
1.Boundary and Territory
1.1 Boundary and Neighboring Countries
Russia
Kazakstan

• Borders 15 countries
• Along with nine provinces (132 counties)
• Coastline18000km
• With Japan, North Korea, the Philippines,
  Malaysia, Singapore, and other countries across
  the sea (with the ?font development)
• Island Coastline 14000km
• Eastest Island Diaoyu Islands, Chek Mei Lantau

Mongolia
North Korea
Afghanistan
Pakistan
Neighboring Coutries
India
Burma
Land Boundaries22,000 km
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1.2 Territory Area

• Land Area9,600,000km2,Land power, China is a
  mountainous country
• Ocean Area3,000,000km2(Four Large Seas)
• Dec 10th 1982UNCLOS
• Nov 16th 1994Entered
  into force, the establishment of
  new marine order.
• Important Changes
• State territorial rights extended
  from 3 nautical mile to 12 nautical mile
• Designated 200-nautical mile as Exclusive
  Economic Zone
• Delimited 35.8 of the world's sea as
  coastal countries
• World seabed and its resources for
  the common heritage of mankind
• Territory Area9603001260(ten thousand
  km2 )

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The Composition and Division of the Sea under the
Jurisdiction of P.R.China China's Sea as
National Territory (EditorQian Yan-ping, Ocean
Press,1998)
?

• The maximum seas under the jurisdiction of China
  inland sea , ports, territorial sea,
• contiguous zone, exclusive economic zone and
  continental shelf

Territorial Sea Baseline
Continental Shelf
Exclusive Economic Zone
Contiguous Zone
Ports
Territorial Sea
Inland Sea
Mare Liberum
World's oceans and seas are divided into regions
under the international jurisdiction and
national jurisdiction
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The Composition and Division of the Sea under the
Jurisdiction of P.R.China 1 Inland Sea of
China
Including national port, the gulf, the strait
and the other sea within the territorial sea
baseline
Inland Sea
Ocean
Land
Territorial Sea Baseline
Legal status equivalent of the countrys lake and
river, owning the absolute sovereign right
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The Composition and Division of the Sea under the
Jurisdiction of P.R.China 2 Territorial Sea
of China
Divide Territorial Sea Using Straight Baselines
Method
Territorial Sea Line
Territorial Sea Width
Territorial Sea Baseline (The lowest ebb line)
China owning sovereign rights of biological and
non- biological resources of territorial seas
All states enjoy free shipping home rights
without victims through territorial seas.
Normal Baselines Method
Territorial Sea Line
Law of the PRC on the Territorial Sea and the
Contiguous Zone and international convention in
1992Territorial seas including 12 nautical miles
from the baselines of the territorial sea waters.

Territorial Sea
Territorial Sea Width
Territorial Sea Baseline
Inland Sea
Straight Baselines Method
Land
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The Composition and Division of the Sea under the
Jurisdiction of P.R.China 3 Contiguous Zone
of China
Law of the PRC on the Territorial Sea and the
Contiguous Zone and international convention in
1992Territorial seas including 12 nautical miles
from the baselines of the territorial sea waters.
Baseline width of the territorial sea beyond
territorial seas not exceeding 24 nautical
miles
Territorial Sea Baseline
Territorial Sea Line
Inland Sea
contiguous zone
Ocean
Law Owning the right to prevent and punish the
violation of security, customs, financial,
sanitation or immigration laws in its land
territory, inland sea or territorial waters, and
regulations.
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The Composition and Division of the Sea under
the Jurisdiction of P.R.China 4 Exclusive
Economic Zone of China
Legal status State of all its natural resources
owning the rights of exploration, exploitation,
conservation and utilization other states enjoy
their flight and navigation as well as the
laying of submarine cables and pipelines, and
other free rights.
Inland Sea
Territorial Sea
Ocean
The width of the territorial sea beyond the
territorial sea baseline should not exceed 200
nautical miles
Our Exclusive Economic Zone severe problems
(interference with the sovereignty of
neighboring countries on the South China Sea
width of Yellow Sea and East China Sea)
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The Composition and Division of the Sea under the
Jurisdiction of P.R.China 5 Mare Liberum
Regions under the National Jurisdiction
Regions under the international Jurisdiction
Mare Liberum
International Seabed
Management of all sea area outside national sea
area, the common heritage of humankind
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2. View China from Outer Space
2.1 Flying to View China (Video)
Snow line (m)
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2.2 View China Land from Satellite
Remote Sensing Image of China

• Information Sources Landsat1\2\3MSS
• Height 750-900km Standard false color
  composite
• 584 multimaps merging

• Scale series 1100 0,000 -16000,000
• Editor Chen Shupeng
• Science Press

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Identification of Chinese Remote Sensing Image
Resolution and its Geographical Significance

• Spatial Resolution79MBasic Geographical Unit
• Area of one map34,000 square kilometers -
  macro
• Spectrum Resolution Multi-spectral (not
  concluding visible-light )
• mixed pixel -Geographic
  integration
• Spatial Resolution
• period18 daysdynamic
  monitoring
• quasi-synchronous Hour in the
  Northern Hemisphere 9 to 10 time clockthird
  dimension
• Standard and Quantitive Information in the World

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Reading Chinese Remote Sensing Image

• Geomorphologic Level
• Hydrological Level
• Land Use and Cover Level
• Climate level

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Theme
Geographic Perspective Who can Raise Chinese
People

• Location Contrast between China
  and America

Homework
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Geographic Perspective Who will feed China
Theme
1. Two Important Publications in 1995

• Who will Feed China Wake up Call for a Small
  Planet
• Lester R.Brown(Director,World Surveying
  Institution of America)

• Chinas Agricultural Development Report
• 95(White Paper on China's Agriculture)
• Liu Jiang (China Agriculture Minister)

Chinese leaders concerned about China's future
and the world politicians, scientists,
economists, and the eyes of the world 1/5 towards
the country with a large population.
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Analysis of Book Skin that Brown Chosen
Agriculture? Rural? Farmer? Chinese?
Lagging Farming Fashion
Poor minority areas, traditional agriculture
38 61
Poor
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2. Brown's Main Point of View (Pessimism)
Future Chinese people can not feed
themselves (Chinese Food Panic)
Who can not feed Chinese people
(World Food Panic)
1)From the 1990s to 2030, China will follow
industrialization path of Japan and Korea in
1950-1990,with worker-peasant contradictions, Sign
ificant decline in per capita arable land, food
needs contradiction.
2) China will have 1.6 billion people in 2030.we
must rely on food imports, which attracts
worldwide grain price has been inflated. Weather
China has the ability to buy foreign food and
which country can provide China with food.
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3. Survey Brown's View from the Perspective of
Geography
1)The model of industrialization cant be
compared between small island and land power
country. Limiting factors in grain output are
essentially different, the former, land
quantitative restrictions, the latter, land
quality restrictions.
2)Chinese natural geographical diversity-industria
lization process, food production geographical
diversity, the impact of geographical differences
is also large And essentially different at small
island state, can be complementary of regions,
complementary of the worker-peasant.
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3) Overestimate China's per-capita appropriation
level 10,644 U.S. dollars China's per
capita GDP in 2030, (amounting to lower than the
current per capita GDP of Japan at 6 growth rate
(1998 to 32,380 U.S. dollars in Japan Shanghai,
China for 3,000 U.S. dollars), not owning Japan's
import capacity.
4) Chinese consumption levels may be
corresponding with the industrialization level
of the current Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou in
2030.
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4. Chinese People can Feed Themselves
1) China has the ability to solve food needs
problems. 2) The basis of Browns perspective
is inadequate or even wrong 3) Chinese people
can feed themselves
5. Who are feeding American People (Chen
Baiming,1998)
What materials are America relying on to
maintain the standard of living and economic
development capacity? 1) Strongly dependent
on the resources of the world (per capita energy
consumption four times of per capita in the
world) 2) The high pollution emissions to the
environment (U.S. CO2 emissions accounting for
23.7 of the world total, 5.15 times per capita
for the world in 1995) 3) The living standard
with high consumption.
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HomeworkLocation Contrast between China and
America

• Theme Similarities and differences of
  geographical location between China and the
  United States and analysis features preliminarily
• Methods Reading maps and analysis, comparison
  with tables
• Ability Training The ability to obtaining
  information from the map
• Requirements Two people every group to
  discuss, hand up one homework

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Related Website

• http//www.china-ns.com/
• http//www.mlr.gov.cn/index.jsp
• http//www.cng.com.cn
• http//www.dlpd.com
• http//www.digitalearth.net.cn/C-index1.htm
• http//www.nrscc.gov.cn/