A Certification

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A Certification
Chapter 6 I/O and Multimedia Ports and Devices
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Chapter 6Objectives

• Understanding I/O Ports
• I/O ports used to send information to and from
  the processor.
• PS/2, LPT, serial, and USB ports.
• Understanding Input Devices
• Characteristics of keyboards, mice, and other
  input devices.
• How to take clean/care for keyboards, mice, and
  so on.
• Understand Multimedia Devices
• Webcams, cameras, microphones, and video capture
  cards.
• Installing Input and Multimedia Devices
• Install keyboards, touchscreens, mice, webcams,
  and so on.
• Troubleshooting Input and Multimedia Devices
• How to troubleshoot the input and multimedia
  devices.

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Input/Output Ports

• Electronic highway to send information to/from
• Processor
• Memory
• Input ports assigned to devices include
• USB
• PS/2 keyboard or mouse
• Serial
• Firewire
• Ethernet network interface
• Audio jacks
• Other ports
• Legacy and developing standards

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I/O Ports
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USB

• Connector types
• Series A (to connect to PC or USB hub).
• Series B (to connect to printer).
• Mini-B connects to digital cameras.
• Cable length
• Best is 6 feet or less.
• Maximum is 5 meters. Hubs can be used to extend
  length.
• Versions
• USB 1.1
• 12 Mbps.
• USB 2.0 (also known as Hi-Speed USB)
• 480 Mbps.
• USB 3.0
• Up to 5Gbps

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USB Connections
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Adding USB Ports

• Motherboard connectors for USB cables
• Often used to provide front-side USB connectors.
• Hubs
• Bus-powered
• 100 milliamp limit on bus power to USB devices.
• Self-powered
• Uses AC power adapter500 milliamp limit.
• Add-on cards
• PCI slot cards with USB ports attached.

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USB 2.0 and 3.0
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IEEE 1394 (FireWire)

• High-speed serial transmission.
• Used for
• Digital cameras
• Video cameras
• 1394aFireWire 400
• 400Mbps
• 1394bFireWire 800
• 800Mbps
• Like USB, devices are hot swappable.

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Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI)

• Industrial grade add-on to support more
  peripherals
• High-performance drives
• Image scanners
• Backup-drive systems
• File storage systems
• Optical drives
• Two types
• Narrow SCSI
• 7 extra devices supported.
• Wide SCSI
• 15 extra devices supported.

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SCSI

• Connections
• Looks like IDE ribbon cable
• Narrow SCSI
• 50-pin cable.
• Three-jumper DIP switch.
• Use to set device ID of devices connected to the
  cable.
• Wide SCSI
• 68-pin cable.
• Four-jumper DIP switch.
• Set device ID for up to 15 devices.
• Note SCSI card manufacturers usually offer
  detailed explanations on how to set up SCSI.
  Careful attention usually solves any problems
  that might have been encountered.

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SCSI Chain and Device ID
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SCSI Termination

• Terminators are used to prevent an electrical
  signal from bouncing back onto the wire after
  encountering a short.
• External devices usually have termination built
  in.
• Other SCSI devices
• Passive terminators
• Use no power.
• Not recommended for more than two devices.
• Active terminators
• Use a voltage regulator for better termination on
  SCSI daisy chains.
• Consult manufacturers website/documentation when
  in doubt about the type of termination to be used.

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Serial Ports (Com Port)

• Used for
• External modems
• Serial mouse or pointing devices, such as
  trackballs or touchpads
• Plotters
• Label printers
• Serial printers
• PDA docking stations
• Digital cameras
• PC-to-PC connections
• Connectors
• DB9M (9-pin)Male connector
• DB25M (25-pin)On older systems

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Serial Ports (Continued)

• Typical modem light indicators from a serial
  connection
• Carrier Detect (CD)
• Receive Data (RD)
• Transmit Data (TD)
• Data Terminal Ready (DTR)
• Signal Ground (SG)
• Data Set Ready (DSR)
• Request to Send (RTS)
• Clear to Send (CTS)
• Ring Indicator (RI)
• The pins on the connector correspond to one of
  these functions
• Crossing two end connectors to have the transmit
  pins connected to receive pins creates a null
  modem cable.

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IRQ and I/O Addresses Assigned to Serial Com Ports
Com Port IRQ I/O Address
1 4 3F8 3FFh
2 3 2F8 2FFh
3 4 3E8 3EFh
4 3 2E8 2EFh

• Review Table 6-8 Before Taking the A Exam.
• Hint Look at the number patterns. IRQ is 4343 as
  you go from ports 14.
• I/O address pattern is 3232. The hex change is
  FFEE in the second position.
• Remember that there may only be one physical
  serial port. These com ports are created by
  assigning memory slots to the IRQs. In this
  manner, four devices can use a single port.

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Serial Port Configuration

• Common settings that must be examined for
  successful use
• Transmission speed
• From as low as 300bps to as high as 115,200bps.
• Faster on newest UART chips.
• Different word lengths
• 7 bit or 8 bit.
• Different methods of flow control
• XON/XOFF or DTR/DSR.
• Different methods of ensuring reliable data
  transmission
• Even parity, odd parity, no parity, 1-bit, or
  2-bit parity length.

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Parallel Ports

• 25-pin female connector.
• Traditionally used for printers.
• Found mostly on older systems.

LPT Port Address
LPT1 7 378-37Fh or 3BC-38Fh
LPT2 5 278-27Fh or 378-37Fh
LPT3 5 278-27Fh
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Other Common Ports

• PS/2
• Used for legacy motherboard connections to
  keyboard/mouse
• Centronics printer ports
• 36-pin cable.
• Audio mini-jack
• 1/8-inch size.
• PC99 color coding
• Pink Microphone
• Light Blue Line in
• Lime Green Stereo/headphone connection
• Brown Left to right speaker
• Orange Subwoofer.
• SPDIF digital audio
• Fiber-optic cable connection for audio devices
• MIDI Musical Instrument Digital Interface

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Input Devices

• Keyboard
• Typically USB, but PS/2 on older devices.
• Needs to be installed before boot or error
  messages are generated.
• Mouse
• Again USB, PS/2 on older motherboards.
• Watch for resource conflicts (IRQ) on older
  devices.
• Bar Code Reader
• Used in retail businesses
• Biometric
• Fingerprint reader/retinal scanner
• Touch Screens
• Becoming common on small screens
• GPS, PDA, some small notebook PCs

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Mouse Properties Tabs
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Multimedia Devices

• Webcam
• Generally USB or plug n play
• Digital camera
• Generally USB or PnP uses Camera Wizard
• MIDI music/MIDI ports
• Install with system off restart install
  drivers.
• Sound cards
• Install into PCI slot PnP will discover it.
• May need to provide driver disk and update
  drivers from manufacturers website.
• Legacy sound cards often cause IRQ conflicts.

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Multimedia Devices

• Microphone
• PnP will have to adjust settings
• Video capture card
• Install as per usual instructions into PCI/PCIe
  slot.
• Restart system.
• Provide drivers/update as needed.
• Connect cables to source devices.
• Set up video capture software.

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Troubleshooting Input/Multimedia

• Keyboards
• Damaged keyboard connectors/cable.
• Check for dirt or sticky keys.
• Caution Plug keyboards into PS/2 ports with
  system off.
• Use substitute known good for suspected bad
  principle
• Verifies that the bad keyboard is indeed bad.
• Mouse and other pointing devices
• Check for damage connector/cable.
• Learn to use the Mouse Properties (control
  panel).
• Clean the mouse track ball of lint or grease.
• Reinstall the mouse driver software.
• Check for hardware conflicts.

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Troubleshooting Input/Multimedia

• Touch screen inputs
• Software problems/bad drivers.
• Use any diagnostic software provided by vendor.
• Video alignment problems.
• Touching screen results in incorrect movements.
• Re-align video using the vendor utilities.
• Hardware issues.
• Defective screen due to shorts or bad power
  supply.
• Replace or repair as directed by manufacturer.
• Sound cards
• Conflicts with onboard sound cards.
• Disable onboard sound card in BIOS.
• Poor performance.
• Recheck software driver version check mixer
  controls.

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Troubleshooting USB System

• When USB ports do not work
• Check to see if USB port is enabled in BIOS.
• Check on USB versions (1.1 or 2.0) for use with
  devices.
• Check for device driver updates.
• Check for power problems on bus-powered hubs
• Some devices use more power than the 100
  milliamps provided.
• Slow performance
• Too many devices using the available 12Mbps on
  USB 1.1.
• Determine if a USB 2.0 port is running in 1.1
  mode.

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USB Power Problem
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Troubleshooting Com/Serial Ports

• Check physical connection
• Mismatched connectors
• Receive/transmit pins must be set properly.
• Check IRQ settings for resource conflicts.
• Serial port dropping characters?
• Check UART chip for latest version.
• Adjust settings
• Device Manager ? Ports.
• Serial Communications ? Port Settings, Advanced.
• Adjust receive buffer or send buffer.

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What Have You Learned?

• List three things that you did not know before
  this presentation.

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Exercise

• Scenario
• Your system was running fine, but you
  occasionally notice that the sound output is
  "glitchy," and you decide to add a sound card. As
  luck would have it, a friend gave you his old
  sound card from a system he is throwing away. You
  install it, and the sound is great however,
  whenever you try to download your songs at the
  same time you are playing them, either the
  download or the play stops or is intermittent. It
  seems worse than it was before you added the
  sound card. What would you do to troubleshoot
  this?

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Chapter 6 Summary

• Understand I/O Ports
• I/O ports used to send information to and from
  the processor.
• Fix issues with PS/2, LPT, serial, and USB ports.
• Understand Input Devices
• Characteristics of keyboards, mice, and other
  input devices.
• How to take clean/care for keyboards, mice, and
  so on.
• Understand Multimedia Devices
• Webcams, cameras, microphones, and video capture
  cards.
• Installing Input and Multimedia Devices
• Install keyboards, mice, webcams, and so on.
• Troubleshoot Input and Multimedia Devices
• Troubleshoot the input and multimedia devices.