Project Thor Gate 2 Review

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Project IEEE P802.15 Working Group for
Wireless Personal Area Networks
(WPANs) Submission Title Smart Grid
Communications Preliminary Proposal Date
Submitted March 1, 2009 Source Scott
Weikel Company Elster Electricity Robert
Mason Company Elster Electricity Jeff
McCullough Company Elster Electricity Davi
d Hart Company Elster Electricity Address 20
8 South Rogers Lane Raleigh, NC 27610
Voice919-250-5819 E-Mail david.g.hart_at_us.els
ter.com Re TG4-SUN PHY Layer
Proposal Abstract Preliminary Proposal for
Smart Utility Networks aka Smart Grid
Communications Purpose Contribution to Smart
Grid Communications Notice This document has
been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is
offered as a basis for discussion and is not
binding on the contributing individual(s) or
organization(s). The material in this document is
subject to change in form and content after
further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the
right to add, amend or withdraw material
contained herein. Release The contributor
acknowledges and accepts that this contribution
becomes the property of IEEE and may be made
publicly available by P802.15.
Doc IEEE 15-09-127-02-004g
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• Proposal to TG4-SUN
• Smart Grid Communications
• March 12, 2009
• IEEE 802.15.4g

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The Smart Grid vision

• Secure standards based communications help to
  improve electric system operation
• Enables alternate forms of energy generation and
  usage
• Proactively alerts utility of problems on the
  grid
• Empowers consumers with information
• Supports Green initiatives

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Smart Grid Needs

• Provide usage information to consumers
• Provide information from power grid
• Bi-directional and net metering for new power
  sources
• Electric consumption data on hourly or sub-hourly
  basis
• Water consumption
• Gas consumption
• Support business logistics
• On-request reads
• Operational control
• Outage and restoration management
• Support for future applications

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Network Considerations

• Endpoints at all points of service or in premise
• Not mobile limited installation options
• Requires robust communications over long
  distances
• Battery powered water and gas devices
• Up to 20 years life
• Support broadcast messages for utility
  applications such as load control
• Support on request reads in seconds
• Support control in seconds
• Secure to prevent others from un-authorized
  access or denial of service

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SUN Smart Grid Examples
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Real World Deployment

• Technology based on 900 MHz FHSS has been field
  proven
• Over 2 million smart grid points are deployed
• In Home Display
• Programmable Control Thermostat
• Electric meters
• Water registers
• Gas registers
• 50 Systems deployed 7 different countries
• 5 Years experience with true 2-way utility smart
  grid communications

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Scope/Goals of TG4g-SUN

• Define an alternate PHY layer for 802.15.4 with
  only those MAC modifications needed to support
  the PHY layer implementation
• Support operation in any of the regionally
  available license exempt frequency bands, such as
  700MHz to 1GHz, and the 2.4 GHz band
• Data rate of at least 40 kbps but not more than
  1000 kbps
• Achieve the optimal energy efficient link margin
  given the environmental conditions encountered in
  Smart Metering deployments
• Principally outdoor communications
• PHY frame sizes up to a minimum of 1500 octets
• Simultaneous operation for at least 3 co-located
  orthogonal networks
• Connectivity to at least one thousand direct
  neighbors characteristic of dense urban
  deployments
• Provide mechanisms that enable coexistence with
  other systems in the same band(s) including IEEE
  802.11, 802.15 and 802.16 systems

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Proposal to Address Goals of TG4-SUN

• Define an alternate PHY layer for 802.15.4 with
  only those MAC modifications needed to support
  the PHY layer implementation
• Overview of Proposed PHY Layer
• 902-928 MHz ISM band where available
• FSK modulation
• 400 kHz channel spacing to support higher data
  rates
• Two bands in 902-928 MHz region. Each band uses
  25 channel FHSS
• Programmable output power (to suit various device
  types)
• Data rates between 9.6 and 300 kbps

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Proposal to Address Goals of TG4-SUN

• Support operation in any of the regionally
  available license exempt frequency bands, such as
  700MHz to 1GHz, and the 2.4 GHz band
• Comparison of frequency bands
• 2.4 GHz band is very congested and doesnt offer
  the robust PHY layer required to meet the
  requirements of Smart Utility Networks (SUN)
• 902-928 MHz band offers both bandwidth and
  robustness required to meet the requirements
• Proposal is not restricted to the 902 928 MHz
  band, but satisfies the goals within one band

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Proposal to Address Goals of TG4-SUN

• Support operation in any of the regionally
  available license exempt frequency bands, such as
  700MHz to 1GHz, and the 2.4 GHz band
• Comparison of 900 MHz and 2.4 GHz unlicensed
  bands (if 900 MHz available)
• 900 MHz signals propagate farther than 2.4 GHz
• Free space loss is approx. 10 dB higher for 2.4
  GHz as compared to 900 MHz
• Distance of 900 MHz is typically 2.5 times better
  than 2.4 GHz
• 900 MHz signals penetrate better than 2.4 GHz
• Ability to overcome obstacles (buildings, trees)
• Buildings, and other obstacles attenuate 2.4 GHz
  more than 900 MHz
• 900 MHz signals are absorbed less than 2.4 GHz
• Multi-path fading (reflection) is worse at higher
  frequencies
• Walls, pine needles, other materials absorb
  (attenuate) 2.4 GHz more than 900 MHz
• Weather (fog, rain) attenuate 2.4 GHz more than
  900 MHz

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Proposal to Address Goals of TG4-SUN

• Data rate of at least 40 kbps but not more than
  1000 kbps
• Proposed PHY Layer
• Supports variable data rates between 9.6 and 300
  kbps
• Data rate allowed to vary based on device type
• Provides a low data rate for simple low end
  devices, while also providing a higher data rates
  for large data/message transport

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Proposal to Address Goals of TG4-SUN

• Achieve the optimal energy efficient link margin
  given the environmental conditions encountered in
  Smart Metering deployments
• Proven operation in Smart Metering deployments
• Proven in outdoor environments
• Proven with electric, gas, and water smart meters
• Proven reliable communications to bridge utility
  to in-home devices
• Supports communications from meter into the home
• Both single family residential and multi-unit
  structures (e.g. apartment complexes)

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Proposal to Address Goals of TG4-SUN

• Principally outdoor communications
• Communication backbone is principally outdoors,
  BUT it is critical to get from the meter into the
  home
• Must get from electric meter into the home to
  water meter
• Must support multi-home dwellings
• Propagation distances and penetration of 900 MHz
  signals provides range and robustness for outdoor
  communications AND provide optional
  communications INTO the residence for functions
  such as load control

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Proposal to Address Goals of TG4-SUN

• PHY frame sizes up to a minimum of 1500 octets
• Long packets will increase probability of errors
• Simple PHY frame structure
• Variable frame size
• Support smaller block sizes with extensions to
  1500 or more octets
• Particularly for low power applications
• Support for large payloads
• Data whitening performed as software algorithm
  no PHY space required for whitening

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Proposal to Address Goals of TG4-SUN

• Simultaneous operation for at least 3 co-located
  orthogonal networks
• Support multiple channels to enable up to three
  orthogonal networks if required
• Not all mesh implementations require 3
  simultaneous orthogonal networks
• Some simultaneous orthogonal networks may require
  chatter to synchronize
• Three networks in the 902-928 frequency band may
  enforce a bandwidth limitation that is not
  desired
• With frequency hopping systems, FCC requirements
  specify minimum bandwidth requirements
• Proposed option supports two networks in the
  902-928 MHz band
• Both networks can fully co-exist at ¼ W
• Devices can participate in only one or both
  networks

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Proposal to Address Goals of TG4-SUN

• Simultaneous operation for 2 co-located
  orthogonal networks
• 2 networks in a given frequency band.
• Example, 902-928 MHz band
• 400 kHz channel spacing. 25 channels for each
  network
• Split frequency allocation provides flexibility
  for international locations where 902-915 MHz
  region is not available for use, but 915-928 MHz
  region is available.
• Allows a single device to operate on two networks
  with minimal hardware

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Proposal to Address Goals of TG4-SUN

• Connectivity to at least one thousand direct
  neighbors characteristic of dense urban
  deployments
• Networks deployed and demonstrating more than one
  thousand direct neighbors
• Network structure is primarily based on a network
  coordinator to multiple devices and supports peer
  to peer communications
• Millions of devices deployed around the world

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Proposal to Address Goals of TG4-SUN

• Provide mechanisms that enable coexistence with
  other systems in the same band(s) including IEEE
  801.11, 802.15, and 802.16
• FHSS communications provides best option for
  coexistence
• Fixed channel selection (as per DSSS) is not
  required
• 900 MHz band is less crowded and avoids many
  other systems (801.11, 802.15, 802.16) that are
  predominately in other bands
• Proven network performance in the presence of
  commonly encountered interference sources

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Proposal to Address Goals of TG4-SUN

• Key Points
• Need to support utility requirements for
  electric, water, and gas meters
• Otherwise standard encompasses less than todays
  systems
• Need to support low data and high data for
  advanced grid features
• Water/Gas reads, Electric reads, Network control
• Networks 1, 2, or 3 possible
• 900 MHz FHSS FSK proven in the field
• Proven performance in both dense and sparse
  deployments

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Thank you!!