Isolation to Involvement

1
Isolation to Involvement
2
Roosevelt Opposes Aggression

• Many Americans were shocked at the Japanese
  brutality toward the Chinese.
• Roosevelt spoke against what the Japanese were
  doing.
• Roosevelts solution was to form an informal
  alliance with peace loving nations

3

• France and Britain made an alliance with Poland
  in case Hitler decided to attack them.
• Hitler was more concerned about war with Soviet
  Union and didnt want to fight on two fronts.
• Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact- Aug. 23, 1939.
  Agreed not to attack one another and to divide
  Poland and recognize each others territorial
  ambitions.

4

• September 1, 1939 Germany invaded Poland.
• September 17, Soviet Union invaded Poland from
  the east.
• France and Britain declared war on Germany but
  did not help Poland.
• By the end of September Poland was defeated.

5
Hitler Launches a Blitzkrieg Against Poland

• GERMAN MILITARY TACTICS OR LIGHTING WAR
• The key to blitzkrieg is SURPRISE!
• It is designed to attack many different targets
  with overwhelming numbers so as to simply
  devastate the enemy.

6
BLITZKREIG
BLITZKRIEG
Step One

• Attack with the Luftwaffe (Airforce)
• Fighters (air superiority)
• Stuka (Dive bombers)
• Bombers
• Destroy Communications (radio)
• Destroy Transportation (bridges, RR)
• Destroy Military Targets (bases, supply)

7
BLITZKREIG
BLITZKRIEG
Step Two

• Next come the PANZERS (tanks)
• Hitlers military designers had developed
  extremely advanced tanks.
• Their tanks were light years ahead.
• Advance very quickly, and destroy any remaining
  targets that the Luftwaffe had left behind.
  (Comm, Trans, Military)

8
BLITZKREIG
BLITZKRIEG
Step Three

• Finally come the infantry
• They had been training for several years and
  these troops were VERY ready.
• Hitlers troops were already battle experienced
  b/c of the Spanish Civil War.
• Their job was to MOP UP anything left.

9
BLITZKREIG
BLITZKRIEG
Conclusion

• The Blitzkrieg was a style of battle, that had
  never been seen before.
• It was extremely successful, it was so
  overwhelming that no one had a defense to it.
• When other nations saw this attack they were not
  sure if Hitler was THAT good, or was Poland THAT
  bad

10

• Axis Powers
• Germany
• Italy
• Japan

• Allies
• Britain
• France
• Soviet Union
• China
• United States

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Allies vs Axis
ALLIED POWERS
AXIS POWERS
Argentina Iran Bulgaria Australia Ira
q Germany Belgium Lebanon Hungary Bolivi
a Liberia Italy Brazil Luxembourg Ja
pan Canada Mexico Romania Chile Nether
lands Thailand China New
Zealand Colombia Nicaragua Costa
Rica Norway Cuba Panama Czechoslovakia Par
aguay Denmark Peru Dominican
Republic Poland Ecuador Russia
(USSR) Egypt San Marino El Salvador Saudi
Arabia Ethiopia South Africa France Syria
Great Britain Turkey Greece United
States Guatemala Uruguay Haiti Venezuela Hon
duras Yugoslavia India
Big 3 Countries
Axis nations which provided military forces

Allied Nations or United Nations which provided
military forces
12
AXIS POWERS
The goal of the Axis Powers was to rule the
world.. The world would rotate around
them. The Axis believed democratic nations were
weak. And they would conquer them as a knife
slices through butter.
13
AXIS POWERS BY 1942
14
France Falls to Axis Powers

• April 9, 1940 Germany attacked Denmark and Norway
• May 10, 1940 Hitler sent forces into Netherlands,
  Belgium, and Luxembourg.
• These smaller nations did not stand a chance
  against Hitlers powerful forces.

15
France

• France set up Maginot Line along German border
  and had armies along Belgium border to defend off
  German forces.
• German forces went through the Ardennes and was
  trying to push them to the English Channel and
  trap British and French Troops.
• 338,000 British and French troops escaped to
  Britain

16
France

• The armies escaped but the Germans took over
  Paris and forced the French to surrender.
• France was broken into two parts. Northern
  France Occupied by Germans Southern France
  Unoccupied but still had to follow Nazi rules.
• France fell to Germany in 35 days.

17
Britain
THE BATTLE FOR BRITAIN

• Hitler crushes France in June 1940
• Hitlers last enemy was Great Britain, who along
  with France had been defeated at the battle of
  Dunkirk
• Battle of Britain, largest air battle ever fought
  in the history of warfare.
• July to November 1940 and was won by the Royal
  Air Force (RAF or British Air Force).
• First major German loss in WWII and forced Hitler
  to change his strategy
• British people fought for their country and a
  possible Nazi invasion (Operation Sea Lion).
• Hitler wanted to gain air supremacy.

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Now Britain Is All Alone!

• Winston Churchill, the Prime Minister of Great
  Britain.
• The Lion of England

19
Britain
BATTLE OF BRITAIN
20
The Royal Air Force
21
Battle of Britain
22
Britain
THE BATTLE FOR BRITAIN
Londons Casualties 43,000 Killed 51,000
Seriously injured 88,000 Slightly injured

• Nearly 500 (RAF) pilots and aircrew had been
  killed, 500 wounded and 915 aircraft were
  destroyed.
• The once undefeated Luftwaffe (Nazis) had been
  beaten and lost 1733 aircraft and crews in the
  process.
• Their immortality (RAF) was guaranteed when
  Churchill in a speech made on the 20th August
  said
• "Never in the field of human conflict was so much
  owed by so many to so few".

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Neutral
AMERICAN NEUTRALITY

• Americans wanted to remain neutral.
• America First Committee
• Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies
• Feb. 21, 1940 If Germany is defeating England
  France, should the U.S. declare war on Germany
  and send our Army and Navy to Europe to fight
  against Hitler? Yes 23 No 77

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Neutral
AMERICAN NEUTRALITY
December 16, 1940 Do you think it was a mistake
for the U.S. to enter the first World War?
Yes 39 No 42 No opinion 19
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Neutral
NEUTRALITY ACTS

• 1935 prohibited arms shipments to all
  belligerent countries.
• 1936 forbid loans to all belligerents
• 1937 Cash and Carry principle all nations
  must pay for nonmilitary purchases and ship the
  goods in their own vessels

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Neutral
NEUTRALITY ACTS

• 1939 prohibited Americans from traveling on
  ships of belligerent nations
• 1940 Lend Lease program offered to Great
  Britain. U.S. becomes the arsenal of democracy

• FDR responds to Fascist aggression in Europe by
  protecting democracies and preparing the US for
  war..

27
Rome-Berlin-Tokyo AxisThe Tripartite
Pact--Sept., 1940
28
Movement Toward War

• Selective Service Act- 1940 Provided 1.2 million
  troops trained and 800,000 reserve troops a year.
  
• FDR gave Britain 50 WWI battleships in exchange
  for 8 British defense bases.
• Britain needed the battleships to convoy goods
  across the Atlantic.

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Lend Lease Gives Aid to Allies

• Lend-Lease Act- Authorized FDR to sell, transfer
  title to, exchange, lease, lend, or otherwise
  dispose of to any government when he thought it
  was in the best interest of his country.
• By 1945 the U.S. had given more than 40 billion
  of aid to the Allies.
• Economic declaration of war against the Axis
  Powers

30
Atlantic Charter

• Atlantic Charter- Document that endorsed national
  self determination and an international system
  of general security.
• This happened in a meeting with FDR and Prime
  Minister of Britain Winston Churchill.

31
U Boat Battle

• Fall of 1941 German U Boats attacked American
  Ships.
• The attacks killed more that 100 Americans.
• Americans were angered and this moved them more
  into a position of declaring war on Germany.