WOODFUEL FOR THE CONSTUCTION INDUSTRY

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WOODFUEL FOR THE CONSTUCTION INDUSTRY

• Architects Point of View
• Building Regulations

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Wood as a fuel

• Multi use of wood fire in the home
• Wood fire one of longest standing forms of
  heating in human history
• Simple wood fired room heaters to supplement
  central heating independence
• Burning wood logs gives connection to nature
  sense of belonging
• Burning wood can reduce the potential impact of
  global warming and dependence when compared to
  fossil fuels.

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Considerations for the designer

• Advantages of wood fuel
• House design
• Wood storage

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Context

• Context with better performance building
• 4 primary design parameters - They are solar
  orientation, insulation, air tightness and
  thermal mass.

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General Categories

• 1. New Build Single House Primary Heat
  Source
• Stott House Log cooker ( Rayburn)
• Pellet boiler
• Pellet Stove
• Logs stove with back boiler
• 2. Single retrofit to thermally inefficient
  building
• Parrot Gasification log boiler
• 3. Larger single structure
• Extension to FCS Office Dingwall Wood Chip
  boiler with bulk storage
• 4. Larger group houses / mixed use
• Servite Pellet boiler with accumulator
• tank hopper
• All above require different approaches

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Costs

• The capital cost of wood-fuel system V Lifetime
  running cost
• Boiler room and fuel store size
• Installation Costs
• Grants and Incentives www.rhincentive.co.uk

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Potential Cost Savings on fuel

• Peak electricity 13p per KW/h
• 1 litre oil on average 60KW/h of energy 6p
  per KW/h
• 1 tonne pellets 4800 KW/h of energy 3p per
  KW /h
• ( based on 160 a tonne, min 4 tonne delivery
  from Balcas)

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System comparisons

• Room Heater stove of feature stove boiler
• Hopper Capacity 15 53kg
• Average Refill Time 1-2days
• Boiler Location internally
• Average approximate cost - 2000 - 7000
• Fed manually with pellets.
• Gasification Log Boiler
• Hopper Capacity 180kg
• Average Refill Time dependant on size of
  thermal store
• Boiler Location utility / garage / shed
• Average approximate cost - 11000
• Fed manually with wood logs

• Stove boiler
• Hopper Capacity 70 180kg
• Average Refill Time 2-3days
• Boiler Location utility / garage
• Average approximate cost - 5500
• Fed manually with pellets.
• Pellet boiler with bulk storage
• Hopper Capacity 3 6 tonnes
• Average Refill Time 6 months a year
• Boiler Location utility / garage / shed
• Average approximate cost - 15000
• Fed suction / auger, pellets fed from lorry.

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Potential C02 Savings

• Section 6.1 of the Building Regulations

• CO2 emissions per kilowatt
• - hour (g/kWh)
• Wood fuel 25
• Wind energy 8
• Gas 194
• Oil 265
• Coal 291

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Boiler Selection

• Space
• Size of fuel store
• Access
• Fuel supply
• Efficiency
• Operation and maintenance

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Bulk storage of woody biomass fuel

• Consideration of storage requirements at early
  stage in design process
• Design must allow for
• Access for large eight wheeled vehicles
• Direct delivery into store by tipping / vacuum
  
• Fuel storage for up to 50m3 chip / 4 tonne
  pellet in one delivery
• Design must avoid
• The need for one off specialist vehicles
• Small fuel stores requiring constant refuelling
  this adds s to the fuel cost.
• Two stage handling ie chipping and then filling
  the fuel store.
• Bulk handling takes time and costs money
• Storage provision relative to number of
  deliveries.
• Storage space from building
• Storage Protection

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Building Regulations

• The following works require a building warrant
• A building exceeding 8m2 in area.
• A building containing a flue, a fixed combustion
  appliance installation does require a building
  warrant
• Any work associated with a solid fuel appliance
  having an output rating more than 50 kW
• Any work associated with a chimney, flue-pipe or
  constructional hearth.
• For example
• 1. If retro fitting a wood fuel stove or boiler
  into an existing house this will require a
  warrant as the work will involve fitting a flue
  unless there is an existing chimney that could be
  used.
• 2.Similarly a small dedicated external boiler
  room with hopper will require a warrant as they
  may be over 8m2 and will contain fixed combustion
  appliances and flues.
• 3.Replacing an existing boiler with stove with
  one of the same kind will not require a warrant. 

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• See guidance note for further info from the
  Domestic 2009 building regulations
• Storage of woody biomass fuel - accommodation
  safety
• Storage vessels, pipework and controls
• Chimney Hearth Design
• Air Supply / Extraction
• Ventilation
• Distances to combustible materials
• Commissioning Installation
• Building regulations also apply to other aspects
  of the work such as electrical installation and
  plumbing work in connection with the system

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CASE STUDY 01 Single New Build thermally
efficient 2 bedroom house, Farr, Inverness

• Boiler Specification Rayburn solid fuel Heat
  ranger 355 SFW for cooking / domestic hot water
  and central heating.
• Fuel Type Wood log manual feed
• Output 12kW
• Efficiency 85
• Accumulator tank 250 litre internally housed
• Fuel Delivery On site
• Wood-fuel Store capacity External log wood shed.
• Back Up System 4.4m2 solar collector immersion
• CO2 emissions 0.4 tonnes per year

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CASE STUDY 02 Single house -retrofit to
thermally inefficient building

• Batch burning, quick burst and trap energy in
  accumulator tank
• Boiler Specification Baxi Log Boiler
• Fuel Type Wood Logs -Manual feed
• Output 50KW
• Efficiency 90
• Accumulator tank 2500 litre
• Woodfuel Store capacity 3m3
• Boiler Housed Timber Outbuilding

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CASE STUDY 03 Extension to FCS Office
Dingwall, Wood Chip Heating supplies 2 no heating
circuits hot water to building

• Boiler Specification Froeling Turbomatic Wood
  Chip Boiler
• Fuel Type Pellet Wood Chips
• Output 35kW
• Efficiency 90
• Accumulator tank 1500 litre
• Woodfuel Store capacity 30m3
• Back Up System Existing Oil boiler
• Boiler Housed Externally

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CASE STUDY 04 Servite Housing Association (32
dwellings).

• Achieved a prestigious "Excellent" rating for
  sustainability, achieving the highest score in
  Scotland in areas of sustainability including
  energy CO2 performance.
• Boiler Specification 3no Okofen 56KW
• Fuel Type Pellet Wood Pellets
• Output 56kW each
• Efficiency 90
• Accumulator tank 3no 2000litre
• Wood fuel Store capacity 6 tonnes per hopper
• Back Up System If one boiler goes down then the
  other two are linked to circuit until fixed.

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