Renewable Energy Issues - NEDO

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Renewable Energy Issues- NEDOs Experience in
Southeast Asia -10 December 2002Masahiro
MiyazakiNEDO Bangkok (Southeast and South Asia
Office)New Energy and Industrial Technology
Development Organization, Japan (NEDO)
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Key Commitments, Targets and Timetables from
the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation
Energy   Renewable Energy Diversify energy
supply and substantially increase the global
share of renewable energy sources in order to
increase its contribution to total energy
supply.   Access to Energy Improve access to
reliable, affordable, economically viable,
socially acceptable and environmentally sound
energy services and resources, sufficient to
achieve the Millennium Development Goals,
including the goal of halving the proportion of
people in poverty by 2015.
 
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3
(2008)
(2030)
100
(2004)
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4
Renewable Energy -
Solar PV (Photovoltaic) - Solar thermal
- Small Hydro - Wind - Biomass
- Biogas - Bio-fuel - Waste to
energy - Geothermal
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5
NEDO PV Project in Malaysia (Sabah State) 1992
- 1997 Accelerated Demonstrative Research under
Tropical Weather Conditions
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6
175000
5
7
Total potential
14677
8833
7349
5267
3693
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Wind Energy Potential of Southeast Asia at 65 M.
Source Wind Energy Resource Atlas of Southeast
Asia Prepared for the World Bank Asia Alternative
Energy Program by True Wind Solutions, LLC,
Albany, New York
Fair 6-7 m/s Good 7-8 m/s Very good 8-9
m/s Excellent gt 9 m/s
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2000 Off Grid Cost
2000 Conventional Retail Cost
2000 Conventional Production Cost Range
Source G8 Renewable Energy Task Force Report,
2001
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Lessons Learned Failures of RE projects are not
technology but institutional problems.  
- Governmental policy for rural electrification
and RE - Participation from local
community - Tariff collection for
maintenance - Income generating
activities - Training for local people
- Maintenance service by suppliers
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• What is necessary for rural electrification?
•  
• Policy issues
• Government policy and regulatory framework to
  encourage RE (IPP,
• import duty exemption, etc.)
• - Active partnership between the public and
  private sectors
• - Financial support to villagers and businesses
• - Awareness of RE technology, cost and benefit
  (Demonstration projects)
•  
• Private sector
• Commercial business to provide RE equipment and
  services (including
• maintenance and repair, training for local
  people)
•  
• Village community
• - Participation of village community
• - Productive use of electricity (income
  generation)
• - Training for proper maintenance
• - Electricity tariff for maintenance and repair

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• Vietnam
• - 3.9 million households (18 million people)
  have no access
• to electricity.
• - Government of Vietnam has a plan to extend
  national grid
• to 90 of rural households by 2005.
• - Village-commune renewable projects including
  small hydro,
• PV and wind turbine were developed.
• - SELCO Vietnam has successfully installed SHS
  in rural areas
• since 1995 in cooperation with Vietnam
  Womens Union and
• Vietnam Bank for Agricultural and Rural
  Development.

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NEDO Project in Vietnam (Man Yang Province) 1997
- 2001 Hybrid System of PV Power Generation and
Micro Hydro Power Generation
Climate Observation Instruments
Load
Hydro power yard
PV array
PV yard
River
PV Power Generation
approx. 100 kW Micro Hydro Power Generation
approx. 25 kW
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• Cambodia
• - Cambodia has no national grid and
  electricity is generated by 22
• isolated diesel-generating systems.
• - Only 10-12 of households have access
  to electricity.
• - In rural areas, conventional biomass fuels
  mainly for cooking meet 85 of energy
  requirements.
• - More than 50 of households in rural areas
  use rechargeable
• batteries. There are about 1,500
  battery-charging stations run by
• diesel generators.

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estimate
estimate
1 US 4000 Riel
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Cambodian RE and Rural Electrification Project
Objectives - 5 of power generated by RE by
2007 (8 MW) - 100,000 households with urban
quality electricity by 2007 - 10,000
households served by solar and other RE -
Sustainable market for RE systems
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NEDO Project in Cambodia (Kompong Cham Province)
2002 - 2004 Dispersed Power Generation System
(PV Micro Hydro)
PV Power Generation
newly installed approx. 80 kW Micro Hydro
Power Generation newly installed
approx. 40 kW
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NEDO Project in Cambodia (Sihanoukville City)
2002 - 2004 Combined Power Generation System
(PVBiogas)
PV Power Generation newly
installed approx. 50 kW Biogas Power
Generation newly installed
approx. 60 kW
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Thailand Policy - Energy Plan
2002-2011 - Energy Conservation Promotion Fund
(ENCON fund) - Small Power Producers (SPP) and
VSREPP   RE projects - EGAT Rooftop PV - PV
pilot project in Mae Hong Son (500kw) - Rural
electrification (PV, Mini-hydro) - Wind power
pilot project
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NEDO Project in Thailand (Kanchanaburi Province)
1992 - 1997 PV Power Generation System for
Battery Charging Station
PV Power Generation 4 kW
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NEDO Project in Thailand (Libong Islands, Trang
Province) 1999 - 2003 Grid-Connected PV Power
Generation System
AC module
PV module
Diesel Generator
Home System
Grid
Battery Charging Station
PV Power Generation 100 kW
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(CO2 equivalent million ton)
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Target of GHG Emissions Reduction in Japan, 2010
Emission Reduction of CO2, Methane, Nitrous oxide
0 Emission reduction of CO2 from energy
utilization
- 0.5 Emission reduction of Methane, Nitrous
oxide, etc.
- 2.50
- 2.0 Technology innovation and voluntary
energy
conservation by the public
Emission control of Fluorocarbon alternatives
(HFC, PFC, SF6)
2
- 3.90
Sinks (Forestation etc.)
Kyoto Mechanisms
Remainder
(Emissions Trading, Joint Implementation, Clean
Development
- 1.60
Mechanism)
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Cost of CO2 Reduction Comparisons
US (1990 price)/ton- CO
2


JAPAN
400 (97-1074)


USA
200 (76-410)




EU
300 (20-966)



Developing countries
10-90


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CDM Scheme
Non-Annex?Country (Developing country)
Annex?Country (Developed country)
Government
Government
approval
approval
(1) Agreement
Project participant
Project participant
Financing, Technologies, etc.
Financing, Technologies, etc.
CDM Project
(5) CERs
Monitoring
Reduction of GHG Emissions
UNFCCC / CDM Executive Board
(4) Verification/ Certification
Project design document
OE 2
OE 1
(3) Registration
CERs Certified Emission Reductions OE
Operational Entity
(2) Validation
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• Conclusion
•  
• - RE plays a key role in poverty alleviation in
  off-grid rural areas but
• income generation need be incorporated.
• - Participation of local people is vital for
  successful RE projects.
• - Government policy and regulatory framework to
  encourage RE is
• crucial.
• - Private businesses supplying RE equipment and
  maintenance services should be encouraged.
• - Demonstration/Pilot Projects should be
  implemented and
• replicated.
• Financial support is essential.
• CDM should be explored as a new funding scheme.

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