Marine Invertebrate Zoology

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Marine Invertebrate Zoology

• Invertebrate Classification and Relationships

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The Meek Will Inherit the Earth
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Why Study Invertebrates?

• Many diseases that effect humans and the animals
  we depend on are caused by invertebrates
• Invertebrates are the base of most food webs
• Invertebrates are the base of many medical
  studies
• Control of gene expression

• Aging, cell death, fertilization and
  chemoreception
• Transmission of nerve impulses, biochemical basis
  of learning and memory
• Genetic basis for the predisposition for major
  diseases (i.e. type II diabetes)
• Isolating unique chemicals for biomedical reasons
  
• Using invertebrates as indicators in monitoring
  aquatic systems for pollutants

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Invertebrate Classification and Relationships

• Classification by cell , and body symmetry
• Classification by developmental pattern
• Classification by evolutionary relationship
• Methods used in deducing evolutionary
  relationships
• Classification by habitat and lifestyle

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Classification by Cell , and Body Symmetry

• Cell Number
• Metazoans
• Unicellular
• Body Symmetry

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Classification by Developmental Pattern

• Multicellular animals have been divided into two
  groups based on the of germ layers
• Germ layer
• Diploblastic
• Ectoderm
• Endoderm
• Triploblastic
• Mesoderm

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Classification by Developmental Pattern

• Triploblastic animals can be classified even
  further

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Different Developmental Types
Triploblastic
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Advantages of the Coelom

• The digestive system is independent of the body
  wall and locomotory activities
• Room for the gut, gonads, and embryos to bulge
• Fluid in coelom can distribute oxygen, nutrients
  and hormones through the body
• Fluid filled coelom leads to more effective
  locomotory systems

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Classification by Evolutionary Relationship

• By far the most familiar is the frame work
  created 250 years ago by Linnaeus
• Organisms grouped in a taxon show a high degree
  of similarity

Kingdom Family Phylum Genus Class Species Order
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Deducing Evolutionary Relationships

• How do we compile evolutionary relationships?
• PCR (polymerase chain reaction)
• In what ways are evolutionary relationships
  depicted?
• Cladograms

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Classification by Habitat and Lifestyle

• Terrestrial, marine, or aquatic
• Intertidal or subtidal
• Mobile, sessile, or sedentary, planktonic
• Herbivores, carnivores, suspension feeders,
  deposit feeders, filter feeders
• Symbiotic associations
• Ectosymbionts
• Endosymbionts
• Mutualism, commensalism, parasitism

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Classification

• The 5 Kingdoms we use today.
• Monera single celled, prokaryote organisms
• Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)
• Protista single celled, contains nucleus and
  internal subdivisions
• Diatoms, dinoflagellates, and protozoans
• Fungi multicellular, no photosynthesis,
  nutrition by absorption
• Mushrooms
• Plantae multicellular, autotrophs
• Animalia multicellular, heterotrophs

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Multiple Kingdom and Domain Classification