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Determining Trends In Agriculture

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Lesson Determining Trends In Agriculture Student Objectives Identify trends in animal agriculture Identify trends in plant agriculture Explain historical events ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Determining Trends In Agriculture


1
Lesson
  • Determining Trends In Agriculture

2
Student Objectives
  • Identify trends in animal agriculture
  • Identify trends in plant agriculture
  • Explain historical events leading to the
    development of todays ag industry

3
Objective One
  • Identify Trends In Animal Agriculture

4
Animal Improvement and Breeding
  • Prior to the 1960s improvement was limited to
    natural selection
  • Natural Selection is a process where animals with
    superior genetic quality are used for breeding
  • Animals with less desirable traits are
    eliminated from the population

5
Animal Improvement and Breeding
  • Widespread use of Artificial Insemination began
    in the 1960s
  • Artificial Insemination involves uniting the male
    sperm cells and the female ova
  • AI greatly increases the use of genetically
    superior males

6
Animal Improvement and Breeding
  • The development of superovulation and embryo
    transfer has greatly increased the number of
    offspring a genetically superior female can
    produce in her lifetime

7
Improving Animal Production
  • Biotechnological discoveries in recent years have
    helped to improve animal production and
    efficiency
  • Using results from biological scientific
    investigation and research and putting it to
    practical use in agriculture is called
    biotechnology

8
Improving Animal Production
  • Bovine somatotropin, or bST, is a hormone which
    will increase milk production when given to cows
  • The hormone was found to occur naturally in cows
    and is found in all milk

9
Improving Animal Production
  • Porcine somatotropin, or pST, is a hormone that
    regulates growth rates in pigs and will increase
    the production of muscle cells and feed
    efficiency if given to hogs

10
Improving Animal Production
  • Implants are small pellets that can be placed
    under the skin of animals. The pellets contain
    hormones or other growth regulators which will
    release slowly to improve the animals production
    and efficiency

11
Genetic Improvement
  • During the 1980s, scientists discovered the
    process of changing the genetic information of
    DNA and were able to move genes from one cell to
    another. This process is often referred to as
    genetic engineering

12
Genetic Improvement
  • A transgenetic animal is one that has had its
    genes altered or manipulated
  • Genetic improvements can also improve the
    productive ability and efficiency of livestock

13
Other Animal Industry Trends
  • Aquaculture is a rapidly growing enterprise in
    the ag industry and has provided a niche market
    for some producers
  • Aquaculture is the production of fish and other
    aquatic plants and animals

14
Objective Two
  • Identify Trends In Plant Agriculture

15
Improving Plant Production
  • Since the 1920s, ag scientists have discovered
    that many fertilizers, pesticides, machines, and
    other technologies have improved plant production
    and efficiency when put to use

16
Improving Plant Production
  • Tractors replaced the use of horses and led to
    what has been termed the second agricultural
    revolution
  • Tractors outnumbered horses and mules on farms
    for the first time in 1954

17
Improving Conservation
  • Conventional tillage operations, which used
    moldboard plowing, gave way to conservation
    tillage practices like minimum tillage (no
    moldboard plow and fewer seedbed tillage
    practices) and no-tillage, where only planting,
    spraying, and harvesting is done

18
Improving Conservation
  • More and more producers began using Low Input
    Sustainable Agriculture (LISA) techniques.
  • LISA involves using less chemicals and commercial
    fertilizers while maintaining production
    efficiency and profit

19
Genetic Improvement
  • Genetic engineering has created plants which are
    resistant to specific herbicides, insects, and
    diseases
  • Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) like BT
    corn and Roundup Ready Soybeans are widely used

20
Genetic Improvement
  • Some plants have been developed which are more
    resistant to frost damage
  • Other plants have been improved genetically to
    give them a longer storage or shelf life

21
Genetic Improvement
  • Cloning techniques have been improved. Cloning
    is an asexual reproduction method where no union
    of male and female sex cells occurs
  • Methods of tissue culture, which is propagating
    plants from a single cell or group of cells, have
    been perfected

22
Information Super Highway
  • The 1990s brought the information age to
    agriculture
  • Global Positioning Systems (GPS) use satellites
    to find exact field locations for grid mapping,
    soil sampling, and monitoring harvest yield
    results

23
Information Super Highway
  • Site specific farming involves applying
    different cultural practices to meet the needs of
    different field locations
  • VRT (variable rate technology), for
    example,involves applying different fertilizer or
    pesticide rates to different field locations
    based upon site needs

24
Information Super Highway
  • The widespread use of computers and computer
    technology has created many improvements in
    production
  • The internet is a computer network linking
    communications for agribusinessmen and producers
    across the nation and around the world

25
Objective Three
  • Explain Historical Events Leading to the
    Development of Todays Ag Industry

26
Historical Developments
  • Historical events help us understand our present
    and predict or future
  • At the time of the Declaration of Independence,
    nearly 90 of the people were farming
  • George Washington and Thomas Jefferson were very
    progressive farmers

27
Historical Developments
  • In the 1800s, our nations ag policy began to
    take shape as Congress established ag programs
    and passed new ag laws
  • 1825--Congress established a special committee
    for agriculture

28
Historical Developments
  • 1852--The U.S. Patent Office began agricultural
    research
  • 1862--The USDA (United States Department of
    Agriculture) was established.

29
Historical Developments
  • Can you think of other historical events which
    have had a significant impact on American
    agriculture as we know it today?
  • (We have discussed many this week)
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