Chapter 2 by Kathleen Mastrian and Dee McGonigle

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Chapter 2 by Kathleen Mastrian and Dee McGonigle

• Introduction to Information, Information Science,
  and Information Systems

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Key Terms Defined

• Acquisition
• Alerts
• Analysis
• Chief Information Officers
• Chief Technical Officers or Chief Technology
  Officers

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Key Terms Defined

• Cognitive Science
• Communication Science
• Computer-Based Information System
• Computer Science
• Consolidated Health Informatics

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Key Terms Defined

• Data
• Dissemination
• Document
• Electronic Health Record
• Federal Health Information Exchange

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Key Terms Defined

• Feedback
• Health Information Exchange
• Health Level Seven
• Information
• Information Science

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Key Terms Defined

• Information System
• Information Technology
• Infrastructure
• Input
• Interface

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Key Terms Defined

• Knowledge
• Knowledge Worker
• Library Science
• Massachusetts Health Data Consortium
• National Health Information Infrastructure

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Key Terms Defined

• National Health Information Network
• New England Health EDI Network
• Next Generation Internet
• Outcome
• Output

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Key Terms Defined

• Processing
• Rapid Syndromic Validation Project
• Report
• Social Sciences
• Stakeholders

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Key Terms Defined

• Summaries
• Synthesis
• Telecommunications

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Information

• What is information?
• Types of data
• Alphanumeric data
• Image data

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Information

• Video data
• Data integrity
• Information technologies
• The importance of clean data

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Information

• Quality of information
• Characteristics of quality information
• Two ways information is acquired
• How we receive information

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Information Science

• Information science
• What is information science concerned with?
• What can information science be related to?
• Our societys need for information

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Information Processing

• What information science enables
• We are constantly in need of information
• What is information?
• What is knowledge?

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Information Processing

• Does knowledge have to be viable?
• What is knowledge viability?
• What is the importance of computational tools?
• A link between information processing and
  scientific discovery
• Knowledge and wisdom

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Information Science and The Foundation of
Knowledge

• Information Science
• How did this science originate?
• What does information science impact?

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Information Science and The Foundation of
Knowledge

• Healthcare organizations role
• Information sciences impact on society

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Introduction to Information Systems

• Resources for healthcare
• Information technologies shaping healthcare
• Information systems and their ability to handle
  large volume

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Information System

• Computer-based information systems
• IS specific purposes
• The IS capability
• Turning data into useful information

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Information System

• The range of data
• The output of data
• What are the various documents of information?
• What are outcomes?

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Information System

• What are output devices?
• How does the IS generate payment?
• Feedback and responses
• Feedback in the IS

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Thought Provoking Questions

• How do you acquire information?
• Choose two hours out of your busy day and try to
  take note of all of the information that you
  receive from your environment. Keep a diary
  denoting where the information came from and how
  you knew it was information and not data.

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Thought Provoking Questions

• Reflect on an information system that you are
  familiar with such as the automatic banking
  machine. How does this IS function? What are the
  advantages of using this system i.e., in the
  banking machine example, why not use a bank
  teller instead? What are the disadvantages? Are
  there enhancements that you would add to this
  system?

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Thought Provoking Questions

• In healthcare, think about a typical day of
  practice and describe the setting, how many times
  does the nurse interact with ISs?
• What are the IS that we interact with and how do
  we access them?
• Are they at the bedside, handheld or
  station-based?
• How does their location and ease of access impact
  nursing care?

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Thought Provoking Questions

• Since our society is dominated by the need
  for information and knowledge and information
  science focuses on systems as well as individual
  users fostering user-centered approaches that
  enhance societys information capabilities by
  effectively and efficiently linking people,
  information and technology. Briefly describe an
  organization and discuss how this impacts the
  configuration and mix of organizations and
  influences the nature of work or how knowledge
  workers interact with and produce information and
  knowledge in this setting.

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Thought Provoking Questions

• Information systems support and facilitate
  the functioning of people to enhance and evolve
  nursing practice by generating knowledge. This
  knowledge represents five rights the right
  information, accessible by the right people in
  the right settings, applied the right way at the
  right time. It is also the struggle to integrate
  new knowledge and old knowledge to enhance
  wisdom. (contd)

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Thought Provoking Questions

• (contd) If clinicians are inundated with data
  without the ability to process it, this yields
  too little wisdom. That is why it is crucial that
  clinicians have viable information systems at
  their fingertips to facilitate the acquisition,
  sharing and utilization of knowledge while
  maturing wisdom it is a process of empowerment.
  If you could only meet 4 of the Rights, which one
  would you omit and why? Also, provide your
  rationale for each Right you chose to meet.