Energy Systems Analysis Group Activities

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Energy Systems Analysis Group Activities

• Bob Williams
• CMI Annual Meeting
• Princeton University
• 9 February 2010

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Toward Decarbonization of Coal Power

• US coal power accounts for
• ½ of electricity
• ? of CO2 emissions from fossil fuel burning
• Decarbonizing existing coal plant sites warrants
  priority under serious C-mitigation policy
• Options considered
• CCS retrofit for pulverized coal plant (PC-CCS
  retrofit)
• Four repowering options
• Definitions
• Retrofit retain plant but add equipment to
  scrub CO2 from flue gases
• Repower bulldoze site and rebuild therebut
  retain all infrastructureor rebuild elsewhere if
  site unsuitable

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Carbon Mitigation Options Examined
Written-off PC-V plant 543 MWe, 33.6 efficient
CCS retrofit Post-combustion capture (amine scrubber)
Repowering options Repowering options
NGCC-V Natural gas combined cycle that vents CO2
NGCC-CCS NGCC with post combustion capture
CIGCC-CCS Coal integrated gasifier combined cycle with pre-combustion capture
CBTLE-CCS Coal/biomass to liquids electricity with pre-combustion capture
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Repowering via Coal/Biomass Coproduction of
Liquid Fuels Electricity with CCS (CBTLE-CCS)

• Outputs Fischer-Tropsch liquid fuels ( 2/3
  energy out synthetic
• diesel/gasoline) electricity ( 1/3 energy
  out from combined cycle)
• ½ feedstock C captured as CO2, stored in
  geological media
• GHG emission rate declines as biomass of
  energy input increases
• Configuration considered
• 7,800 B/D of FTL 264 MWe (net)
• Biomass _at_ 1 x 106 dt/y 38 of input (energy
  basis, HHV)
• 2.1 x 106 t CO2 stored annually
• GHG emissions are 90 lt for conventional
  energy displaced
• (existing coal power equivalent crude
  oil-derived products)

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LEVELIZED ELECTRICITY GENERATION COST vs GHG
EMISSIONS PRICE
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THOUGHT EXPERIMENT DECARBONIZE 90 OF EXISTING
COAL POWER, 2020-2050 (9.4 GWe/y)

• CBTLE-CCS coproduct 3.9 million barrels/day of
  low-C synfuels
• 0.5 Gt biomass needed annually by 2050 for
  repowering option
• NG generation up 2 X, 2020-2050 (assumed make-up
  powerNGCC-CCS)

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FUTURE WORK

• Potentially abundant, ubiquitous shale gas at
  reasonable cost ? extend coproduction idea
  CBTLE-CCS ? GBTLE-CCS
• Extend analysis to Chinaexploring prospects for
  both as alternatives to continued building of
  PC-V plants

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ESAG TEAM AND MAIN COLLABORATORS, 2009-2010

• China Collaborators
• LI Zheng (Tsinghua)
• CHEN Haiping (NCEPU)
• GUO Xianbo (SINOPEC)
• ZHOU Zhe (Tsinghua)
• Politecnico di Milano collaborators
• Stefano Consonni
• Emanuele Martelli
• Giulia Fiorese
• ECN, The Netherlands
• Michiel Carbo

• Core Group
• Robert Williams
• Eric Larson
• Tom Kreutz
• LIU Guangjian
• ZHENG Zhong