Issues relating to youthful and ageing populations

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Issues relating to youthful and ageing populations
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Which one is which? Youthful or Ageing?
The population pyramid on the left is for Angola,
that has a youthful population, whereas the
population pyramid on the right is for Japan,
that has an ageing population, and a population
in decline stage 5 of the DTM?
What are the signs that these are typical
population pyramid structures for youthful and
ageing populations?
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Learning Objectives

• To be able to identify what a population pyramid
  for an ageing and youthful population looks like.
  
• To be able to name 4 issues relating to youthful
  and ageing populations, with relation to named
  examples of Japan and Mexico.

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Pressure on housing not enough housing people
living in slums. This is very common in big
cities (Mumbai, India) where millions of people
live in shanty towns with no running water,
roads, sewage of any kind.
Pressure on health services a growth in
diseases being spread around and not being dealt
with adequately to stop the spread. Eg AIDS/HIV
What are the problems with having a youthful
population? A very high percentage of people
under the age of 15.
Pressure on local resources such as food
supplies. Famine, food distribution difficulties.
Natural disasters make this problem worse eg
droughts, flooding EG Pakistan 2010.
Pressure on schooling illiterate (the ability
to read and write) population. Indias literacy
rate is only 60 whereas Cambodia is 69.
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What are the problems associated with having an
ageing population? Having a large percentage of
people over 65.

• Problems with finances
• Pensions people living well into their
  retirement. Pensions need to be paid for longer
  amounts of time. Not enough younger workers to
  provide for pensions.
• 3 solutions
• Increase taxes not popular
• Raise retirement age not popular people have
  been working hard all of their life looking
  forward to the day they retire to be told to work
  another 5 years?
• Abolish state pensions not popular people
  would suffer poor not able to fund private
  pension?

People living longer

• Problems with health care
• More health care needs to be provided as people
  get older.
• More retirement homes, hospital beds, more
  undertakers.
• More money spent on expensive medicines to keep
  people alive longer.
• Need for more skilled workers nurses, doctors,
  surgeons etc.

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Contrasting Countries Japan v Mexico Which one
is ageing? Which one is youthful?
We are going to look at these two countries in
more detail to look at the causes and the effects
of having an ageing population in Japans case
and a youthful population in Mexicos case. These
are case studies so will need to be learnt for
the exam.
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Japan Ageing Population
Facts Causes Effects
20.8 of the population are aged 65 or over. 26.8 million pensioners. Birth rate below replacement level. Life expectancy increasing, people living longer. (79 for men, 85 for women). Healthy diet and lifestyle Birth rate declining due to increase in the age of a woman having her first child (in 2006 this was 29.2 years). Number of marriages decreasing. Government raised retirement age from 60 to 65. Increasing costs of medical care Increase in numbers of people in nursing homes Increase in costs of pensions as they are fewer people of working age to contribute high dependency ratio.
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Japan Ageing Population
Facts Causes Effects
20.8 of the population are aged 65 or over. 26.8 million pensioners. Birth rate below replacement level. Life expectancy increasing, people living longer. (79 for men, 85 for women). Healthy diet and lifestyle Birth rate declining due to increase in the age of a woman having her first child (in 2006 this was 29.2 years). Number of marriages decreasing. Government raised retirement age from 60 to 65. Increasing costs of medical care Increase in numbers of people in nursing homes Increase in costs of pensions as they are fewer people of working age to contribute high dependency ratio.
http//www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/japan-tack
les-ageing-society/7578.html
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Japan Ageing Population
Facts Causes Effects
20.8 of the population are aged 65 or over. 26.8 million pensioners. Birth rate below replacement level. Life expectancy increasing, people living longer. (79 for men, 85 for women). Healthy diet and lifestyle Birth rate declining due to increase in the age of a woman having her first child (in 2006 this was 29.2 years). Number of marriages decreasing. Government raised retirement age from 60 to 65. Increasing costs of medical care mental health in the very old Increase in numbers of people in nursing homes Increase in costs of pensions as they are fewer people of working age to contribute high dependency ratio.
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Mexico Youthful Population
Facts Causes Effects
31 of population under the age of 15. Population has grown by 50 million over the last 40 years. Average age in the country of 26 years. Low death rate at 4.78 deaths per 1000 people due to improvements in healthcare. Falling birth rate but still a large percentage of young people. Will take Mexico 50 years to loose its youthful population as the birth rate was so high from 1940 - 1990 Major need for school places schools having to be built to accommodate pupils. Young people have major competition for work so some emigrate to USA for work. Growing manufacturing industry. Strongly Catholic religion but abortion has been legalised to reduce number of children.
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Mexico Youthful Population
Facts Causes Effects
31 of population under the age of 15. Population has grown by 50 million over the last 40 years. Average age in the country of 26 years. Low death rate at 4.78 deaths per 1000 people due to improvements in healthcare. Falling birth rate but still a large percentage of young people. Will take Mexico 50 years to lose its youthful population as the birth rate was so high from 1940 - 1990 Major need for school places schools having to be built to accommodate pupils. Young people have major competition for work so some emigrate to USA for work. Growing manufacturing industry. Strongly Catholic religion but abortion has been legalised to reduce number of children.
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Mexico Youthful Population
Facts Causes Effects
31 of population under the age of 15. Population has grown by 50 million over the last 40 years. Average age in the country of 26 years. Low death rate at 4.78 deaths per 1000 people due to improvements in healthcare. Falling birth rate but still a large percentage of young people. Will take Mexico 50 years to lose its youthful population as the birth rate was so high from 1940 - 1990 Major need for school places schools having to be built to accommodate pupils. Young people have major competition for work so some emigrate to USA for work. Growing manufacturing industry. Strongly Catholic religion but abortion has been legalised to reduce number of children.
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Homework VLE Question

• Using a named example, explain the causes and
  effects of a country that has an ageing
  population.

Date due by 27/09/10