Impact Evaluation has on Decision Making

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Impact Evaluation has on Decision Making

• Evaluation is an important part of the decision
  making process. It assesses all areas of a
  program from meeting goals to the use of
  resources. This information is then used to make
  changes or revisions as needed.
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Discrepancy Model
The discrepancy evaluation model is used
throughout the entire program. It assesses all
areas to show stakeholders things that are
working and things that need attention. Its main
focus rests with why something occurred instead
of the fact that it occurred in the first place.
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Transaction Model
The transaction evaluation model allows for the
evaluator to be an active participant in the
program. The evaluator remains subjective
throughout the process and continually provides
feedback to the staff and participants. This
model can either be goal free or goal based.
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Qualitative vs. Quantitative Data
Quantitative data is collected through
observation, studies, artifacts and surveys.
With this type of data, the focus is on what is
happening presently. Quantitative data is
collected through scales, measures, and counts.
This type of data is geared more toward
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Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, Ratio
Nominal data uses one item for ordering, such as
gender. Ordinal data ranks data in order but
doesnt have equal intervals between ranks.
Interval data also ranks and does include equal
intervals between ranks, such as school grades.
Ratio data uses all of the above and also
includes an absolute zero point, such as a
temperature scale.
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Data Instruments
The four instruments I have identified are
interviews, sentence completion, tests, and
observation.
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Formative vs. Summative
Formative evaluations are used to inform
stakeholders of a program of their progress.
They are usually completed during development.
Summative evaluations are completed at the end of
a program and used by decision makers to make
changes, modify, revise, or eliminate things as
needed.
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Population vs. Sample
Population is the entire size of a group involved
with a certain program that is being evaluated.
Sample is a percentage of the population that has
been chosen to participate with the evaluation of
a particular program.
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Reliability vs. Validity
Reliability focuses on the strength of
information and how it holds up with relation to
the program being evaluated. Validity is the
accuracy of the information being used to
evaluate, such as how often desired results will
occur.
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Independent vs. Dependent Variables
Independent variables are variables that can be
controlled or manipulated to alter the results of
a concept in question. Dependent variables are
variables that are dependent on the manipulation
of other variables before their changes can be
observed or recorded.
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Criterion Referenced vs. Norm Referenced
Assessment
Criterion referenced assessments are those that
assess whether all the goals and objectives have
been met. Norm referenced assessments focus on
rating individual results on a scale that ranks
them among others in the same group.
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