1
??????????4????????

• ??????????

2
????

• ?????
• ?????????????
• ??????????(metacharacter)
• VIM???
• grep??
• sed???
• awk??

3
?????

• ???????(regular expression, RE),
  ????????????,?????????????????????????????

4
VIM??

• linux??????????

5
VIM???

• ????????????
• ?????????????i?
• ?????????????a?
• ?????????ESC?
• ????
• ?????????????wq
• ?????????????q!
• ??????????w
• ??????????w filename

6
VIM????

• ??????????????2?g
• ?????????
• ????????
• ????????
• ??100???100g

7
VIM????

• ???????/pattern/??,????pattern??????????
• ???????m,n/pattern/,????m???n???pattern?????

8
grep??

• ????????

9
grep??

• ?Global search regular expression (RE) and Print
  out the line???
• ?????????,???????????,???????
• ?????????????????,??????????,???????

10
grep??

• grep option pattern input_files

11
??grep????
-? ????,???????????? grep -2 grep test.txt??????????2?
-c --count,?????????,???????
-f file ??????????
-i --ignore-case,?????
-q --quiet,????
-l ????????????
-l ????????????
-n --line-number,?????????
-s --silent,???????
-v --revert-match,????????
-w --word-regexp,???\lt?\gt??,?????????????
12
grep????????
?????? grep?????grep????
?????? grep?????grep????
. ????????????? gr.p??gr????????,??p??
??0???????? grep????0????????grep??
??????????? Ggrep????Grep?grep??
?????????????? A-FH-Zrep??????A-F?H-Z???????rep??
\( \) ?????? \(love\)?????love,?love????\1
\lt \gt ?????????????? \ltgrep???grep????? grep\gt???grep?????
x\5\, x\5,\,x\5,10\ x\5\, x\5,\,x\5,10\ x????5????????5?????????5-10?????
\w A-Za-z0-9 \WA-Za-z0-9 \w A-Za-z0-9 \WA-Za-z0-9 ??????(?)???????
\bgrep\b \bgrep\b ?????grep,???egrep?
13
????????????

1. ls l grep a
2. grep test d
3. grep test aa bb cc
4. grep a-z\5\ aa
5. grep w\(es\)t.\1 aa
6. grep n datafile
7. grep 4 datafile
8. grep 5\.. datafile
9. grep \.5 datafile
10. grep wesn datafile
11. grep A-ZA-Z A-Z datafile
12. grep ss datafile
13. grep a-z\9\ datafile
14. grep \lta-z.n\gt datafile

14
sed??

• ????????

15
sed??

• ???which sed????sed???
• ???????????,????????????????
• sed??????????????
• ?????????,???
• ??????????????????

16
sed??

• ???????????????????,?????????????
• ???????????????,?????????????????,??????????
• sed option sed_command input_file
• sed option f sed_script_file input_file
• sed_script_file option input_file

17
sed?????
-n Quiet, ????????,??????
-e ?????????,????????????
-f ???sed????
18
sed???????
x ??,?????
x, y ??x-y????
xy ??x???,??y?
/pattern/ ?????????
x,y! ?????????x?y??
19
??sed????
p ????? sed n 2,3p test.txt sed n /movie/p temp.txt
?????? sed e /music/ temp.txt
a\ ??????????? sed /jack/ \a here add new linep temp.txt
i\ ??????????? sed 4 \i here add new linep temp.txt
d ????? sed /music/d temp.txt
n ????????????,??????? sed /movie/n temp2.txt temp.txt
c\ ?????????? sed 4 \c i like it temp.txt
s ??????????? sed s/source/okstr/add before /p temp.txt
r ??????????? sed /name/r temp2.txt temp.txt
w ????????? sed s/name/my /w temp2.txt temp.txt
20
????????????
sed s/\.//g temp.txt
sed e /abcd/d temp.txt
sed s/ / /g temp.txt
sed s///g temp.txt
sed s/\.//g temp.txt
sed //d temp.txt
sed s/.//g temp.txt
sed s/COL\(\)//g temp.txt
sed s/\///g temp.txt
21
AWK??

• ????????

22
AWK??

• Linux??awk?????awk?nawk?gawk,?????awk??/bin/awk,?
  ??gawk (GNU awk)
• awk???
• ?????????????????????
• ???????????

23
awk???????

1. awk option awk_script input_file1
   input_file2
2. ?awk_script????????!/bin/awk f
   ????,???????????,???shell??????????awk_script???a
   wk_file input_file
3. ???awk_script???????????,???awk f awk_file
   input_file(s)????

24
awk?????

• ???????awk_cmd??,??awk_cmd?????NEWLINE??
• awk_cmd??????awk_pattern actions
• awk???????
• awk BEGIN actions awk_pattern1 actions
  awk_patternN actions END actions
  input_file
• ??BEGIN ?END??????

25
awk???????

1. ????BEGIN??,?????actions
2. ??????????,????????
3. ???????????(FS/IFS)???????,???1,2,.,
   ?0???????
4. ????????awk_pattern???,???????actions,????????????
   ???,????3,4,?????
5. awk????????????,??????????????,???????????
6. awk?????????,?????????,??????

26
awk_pattern???

• ????? /regexp/
• ???????? . ()
• ?awk??????,?????????????
• ???awk??????,????????0/1?
• ??awk /\0\.0-90-9./ input_file
• ????? ,gt, /regexp/,,
• ??
• awk 3 /d/ input_file
• awk '(1 lt 10 ) (2 gt 10) print "ok"'
  input_file

27
actions???

• actions??awk?????????
• actions?????????????,?????????

28
awk??

1. print 1 , 1
2. printf?c???printf??
3. next??????????
4. nextfile????????????
5. exitawk???????????END??,awk???END?actions

29
awk??

• ????
• awk 'BEGIN x1 y3 xy print "x" x "
  y" y
• awk 'BEGIN x3 x2 yx2 print "x" x "
  y" y '
• ??????
• ? if (condition) then-body else else-body
• ? while (condition) body
• ? do body while (condition)
• ? for (initialization condition increment)
  body ?C???for???????
• ? break ??????for?while?do-while ??
• ? continue ??for?while?do-while???body?????,????
  ?????????

30
awk????

• ??????
• NF??????????
• NR??????????????
• FNR???????????????
• FILENAME??????????
• ARGC???????,??????1
• ARGIND???????ARGV????
• ????1, 2, , NF, 0
• ??????
• FS ??????????(?????????)
• OFS ??????????(?????)
• OFMT ???????(??? .6g)
• RS ?????????(???NEWLINE) ORS
  ?????????(???NEWLINE)
• ARGV ??????? ENVIRON ??????????????,??????????
  ????????
• ??cat /etc/passwd awk 'BEGIN FS"" print
  "User name "1,"UID "4'

31
awk?????

• ????varnamevalue
• ??????????????????,????????,????0?
• ??awk 'awk_script' awkvar1value1 awkvar2value2
  .... input_file
• ???awk_script??????????????????
• ??????shell??,????awk 'awk_script'
  awkvar1shellvar1 awkvar2shellvar2 ....
  input_file

32
awk????

• ????
• int(x), sqrt(x), exp(x), log(x), sin(x), cos(x),
  atan2(y,x), rand(), srand(x), srand()
• ?????
• index(in, find), length(s), match(s, r),
  sprintf(), sub(p,r,t), gsub(p,r,t), substr(str,
  st, len), split(s,a,fs), tolower(str),
  toupper(str)
• ????
• close(filename), system(command)

33
awk?????

• ???????
• function fun_name(param_list) function_body
• ??
• awk print sum, SquareSum(1, 2) function
  SquareSum(x,y) sumxxyy return sum
  grade.txt

34
awk??

• ??????
• for ( element in array_name ) print
  array_nameelement
• ??
• awk BEGINprint split(123456789, mya, )
  for ( i in mya ) print myai

35
??awk?????

• ? ????awk_script???????
• ? ??awk_script?????????
• ? ????????????,??????????
• ? ?????????,?????????,?awk?????,???????
• ? ???????,???????????????(??????)

36

• 2) ?awk?,???????????????,?????????????????????????
  ?????namen
• 3) ???BEGIN??????????????,?????awk??????????????
• 4) awk??????????????????????????,?????????????????
  ????????????,????? awk_script??????(1?2?3...)??
  ????????????n(n???????NF)????
• 5) ????????????,??????????????????????????????????
  awk??????????? \b ??? \t tab? \f ???? \ddd ????
  \n ?? \r ??? \c ?????????eg \\??????

37
awk?????printf

• ? ?? printf ("???????", ????)
• ? ?????????????,???????????????
• ? ?????????????????????,??????????????????????????
  ??????????????
• ? ????? -width.precfmt
  ????????????,????? - ??????????,???? width
  ????,?????????????,???? .prec
  prec?????,??????????????????,???? fmt
  ??????,???????????,?????
• ? ???fmt c ASCII??, d ?? ,e ????????, f ???,?
  123.44 g ?awk???????????e?f ,o ????, s ???, x
  ?????
• ? ??
• echo "65" awk ' printf ("c\n",0) ' // ??? A
  
• awk 'BEGINprintf ".4f\n",999' //??? 999.0000
• awk 'BEGINprintf "2 number8.4f8.2f",999,888'
  // ??? 2
• 
  // number999.0000
  888.000

38
??

• sed?????????
• awk???????????
• col1 col2 col3 col4
• ???????????sed?awk????,???????????????perl/python?
  ???
• ??C/C?????????????,??,??1-2??????????????,?????
  ??