PowerPoint-Pr

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Introduction
Fig. 1 (TM2100EU03TM_0001 Introduction, 3)
History
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History of Mobile Communications

• Electronic
• communication
• "terrestrial network"
• Telegraph
• 1st telegraph line 1843
• Washington - Baltimore
• Telephone
• P. Reis 1861
• A.G. Bell 1876
• World Exhibition Philadelphia

The beginnings "archaic mobile communication"

• visual transmission (smoke/light signals,...)
• audible transmission (drums, horns,...)

Radio transmission 1873 Maxwells theory of
electromagn. waves 1887 H. Hertz experimental
proof 1895 Marconi 1st wireless
transmission 1901 1st transatlantic transmission
1903 Dt. Telefunken GmbH AEG, Siemens
Halske 1906 1st speech and sound
transmission 1909 1st radio broadcast 1917 1st
mobile transmission radio station - train
Fig. 2 (TM2100EU03TM_0001 Introduction, 5)
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Simplex Connection transmit or receive
Duplex Connection simultaneous transmission and
reception
Fig. 3 (TM2100EU03TM_0001 Introduction, 7)
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Single Cell Systems

• Low service and speech quality
• Heavy, bulky and expensive equipment
• Small coverage area
• No handover
• Manual exchange
• Low capacity

First Mobile Services

• Car telephone service
• Since the late 40s

Fig. 4 (TM2100EU03TM_0001 Introduction, 9)
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Quantum Leap in Mobile Communications Single
Cell Systems ? Cellular Systems
r
Cellular System
Single Cell System
re-use distance
Fig. 5 (TM2100EU03TM_0001 Introduction, 11)
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First Generation Cellular Mobile Radio Systems
Fig. 6 (TM2100EU03TM_0001 Introduction, 13)
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2nd Quantum Leap Analog (1st Generation) ?
Digital (2nd Generation)
Different Generations of Mobile Stations
First generation mobile telephones for fixed
vehicle installation and analog mobile
telephones
Second generation GSM mobile telephones
Second generation GSM mobile telephones
Digital GSM technology. Terminal devices were
less bulky, but still too heavy (battery capacity
problems).
Analog technology. Terminal devices were bulky
and heavy.
Digital GSM technology. Terminal devices are
handier and have greater battery capacity.
Fig. 7 (TM2100EU03TM_0001 Introduction, 15)
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Subscriber trends (Example) Germany 1978 - 2000
GSM (E2) introduction
GSM (Eplus) introduction
GSM (D1, D2) introduction
C-network introduction
B-network introduction
Fig. 8 (TM2100EU03TM_0001 Introduction, 17)
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1G Limitations
Fig. 9 (TM2100EU03TM_0001 Introduction, 19)
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Introduction
GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
Fig. 10 (TM2100EU03TM_0001 Introduction, 21)
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GSM Milestones
1978 CEPT reserves 2 x 25 MHz in 900 MHz
range 1982 CEPT founds "Groupe Special Mobile"
GSM 1984-86 Comparison of technical
possibilities Goals - free roaming -
international accessibility under 1 number
(international roaming) - large network
capacity (bandwidth efficiency) - flexibility ?
ISDN - broad service offering - security
mechanisms 1986 Core of experts meets
continuously 1987 Selection of central
transmission techniques Memorandum of
Understanding MoU 1988 ETSI founded 1989 GSM ?
Global System for Mobile Communication 1990 GSM900
Standard (phase 1) 1991 DCS1800
adaptation Trials / "friendly user"
operation 1992 Start of commercial
operation 1993 Beginning of work on phase
2 1995 Completion of work on phase 2
(GSM900/DCS1800) Reservation of GSM-R
frequencies (ETSI) 1996 PCS1900 adaptation (USA)
Fig. 11 (TM2100EU03TM_0001 Introduction, 23)
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GSM Milestones
1997 Phase 2 Annual Release 96 DCS1800 /
PCS1900 ? GSM1800 / GSM1900 Dual-band
devices GSM practical world standard (109
countries/regions 28 market share) 1998 Phase
2 Annual Release 97 GPRS, CAMEL,.... First
GSM-R networks World-wide accessibility using
dual mode GSM/IRIDIUM 35 of world
market 1999 Phase 2 Annual Release 98 250 M.
subscriber, 130 countries 2000 Phase 2 Annual
Release 99 AMR, VHE,... identical to UMTS Rel.
99 60 of world market 410 M. subscriber, 161
countries
Fig. 12 (TM2100EU03TM_0001 Introduction, 25)
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GSM Recommendation
Series 01 General
12 Series each max. 100 Rec. e.g. GSM Rec. 08.07
Series 02 Service Aspects
PSTN ISDN
Series 04 MS/BS Interface Protocols
Series 08 MSC-BSS Interface
MSC
BSS
MS
Series 05 Um Radio Transmission
Series 03 Network Aspects
Series 09 Network Interworking
Register
Series 06 Speech Coding
Series 10 Service Interworking
Series 067 Terminal Adaptors for MS
Series 11 Equipment Type Approval
Specifications
Series 12 Operation Maintenance
Fig. 13 (TM2100EU03TM_0001 Introduction, 27)
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GSM Evolutionary Concept
Downward compatibility
MTPy CUG AoC ASCI SOR UUS
EFR IN CAMEL HSCSD GPRS EDGE
Multiparty Service Closed User Group Advice of
Charge Advanced Speech Call Items Support of
Optimal Routing User to User Signalling
Enhanced Full Rate Speech Intelligent
Network Customized Applications for Mobile
network Enhanced Logic High Speed Circuit
Switched Data General Packet Radio
Service Enhanced Data Rates for the GSMEvolution
Fig. 14 (TM2100EU03TM_0001 Introduction, 29)
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GSM - Adaptations
GSM-R
890
935
1880
GSM 1800
GSM 1800
GSM 900
GSM 900
GSM 1900
GSM 1900
E-GSM
E-GSM
876
880
915
921
925
960
1710
1785
1805
1850
1910
1930
1990
MHz
MHz
Fig. 15 (TM2100EU03TM_0001 Introduction, 31)
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Fig. 16 (TM2100EU03TM_0001 Introduction, 33)
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Introduction
Current Situation, Market Trends
Fig. 17 (TM2100EU03TM_0001 Introduction, 35)
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digital paging systems e.g. ERMES
analogue paging systems e.g. Citycall
Current MobileCommunication Systems
analogue cordless telephone systems e.g. CT1,
CT1
digital cordless telephone systems e.g. DECT,
PACS, PHP
Cordless telephone booth
Wireless Local Loop WLL

• Differences
• target groups
• services offered
• prices
• coverage
• degree of mobility
• transmission technique
• ...

analogue Private Mobile Radio PMR
digital PMR e.g. TETRA
digital cellular systems e.g. GSM, D-AMPS, PDC,
IS-95
analogue cellular systems e.g. C450, NMT, AMPS
Fig. 18 (TM2100EU03TM_0001 Introduction, 37)
digital satellite systems e.g. IRIDIUM,
ICO, Globalstar
analogue satellite systems e.g. INMARSAT
1G
2G
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Cellular Systems
First generation C450 NMT - Nordic Mobile
Telephone TACS - Total Access Communications
System AMPS - Advanced Mobile Phone System
Second generation
Fig. 19 (TM2100EU03TM_0001 Introduction, 39)
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Mobile Satellite Systems MSS
Supply to/ in case of - inaccessible,
underpopulated areas - poor infrastructure - high
seas - catastrophe areas - failure of other
supplies
Earth

• 1G
• MARISAT (USA) since 1976
• INMARSAT (International Maritime
• Satellite Organisation)
• since 1979 gt 80 member countries
• 4 GEO satellites
• global access
• 2G
• Iridium, ICO, Globalstar
• private MSS operator
• speech- low data rate services

GEO GEostationary Orbit
HEO High Elliptic Orbit
Fig. 20 (TM2100EU03TM_0001 Introduction, 41)
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Subscriber trends 1980 - 2000
1G Introduction
Single cell systems
2G Introduction
Fig. 21 (TM2100EU03TM_0001 Introduction, 43)
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Trends Outlook
Subscriber M.
Year
UMTS Forum Report 1
Fig. 22 (TM2100EU03TM_0001 Introduction, 45)
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Mobile Trends
Trend Voice ? Data

• Requirements
• high data rates
• user-friendliness
• improved service offering
• cost reduction
• worldwide accessibility

• GSM Phase 2
• data rates gt 100 kbit/s
• mobile computing, Internet
• new, integrating ME
• new flexible services IN
• satellite roaming
• much more

Source UMTS Forum
Fig. 23 (TM2100EU03TM_0001 Introduction, 47)
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Mobile communication forecast (Europa)
Mobile subscriber (total)
Mobile subscriber all applications from voice to
Multimedia
Mobile subscriber Speech only/ low data rates

• mobile Multi Media
• Start with GSM Ph2
• Breakthrough
• 3G (UMTS)

Source UMTS-Forum
Fig. 24 (TM2100EU03TM_0001 Introduction, 49)
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IMT-2000
2G (digital)
1G (analog)

• 3G
• 1 family of standards
• for all
• applications
• countries

Paging Systems e.g. ERMES
Paging Systems, e.g. City Call
Cordless Telephone e.g. DECT, PACS, PHS
Cordless Telephone e.g. CT1, 1
wireless Telephone cell
Wireless Local Loops WLL
PMR e.g. TETRA
Private Mobile Radio PMR
Cellular systems e.g. GSM, D-AMPS, IS-95, PDC
Cellular systems e.g. C450, NMT, AMPS
e.g. UMTS, cdma2000, UWC-136
MSS e.g. IRIDIUM, ICO, Globalstar
MSS e.g. INMARSAT
different, incompatible standards for different
applications, countries regions
Fig. 25 (TM2100EU03TM_0001 Introduction, 51)
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UMTS - Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
2010
1980
2170
cellular
MSS
cellular
MSS
1885
2110
2025
2200
Frequency range MHz
Fig. 26 (TM2100EU03TM_0001 Introduction, 53)