MEDICAL SOCIOLOGY

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MEDICAL SOCIOLOGY
DR. I. SELVARAJ
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SOCIOLOGY

• STUDY OF SOCIAL CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF HUMAN
  BEHAVIOUR

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MEDICAL SOCIOLOGY

• PROFESSIONAL ENDEAVOUR DEVOTED TO SOCIAL
  EPIDEMIOLOGY, STUDY OF CULTURAL FACTORS AND
  SOCIAL RELATIONS IN CONNECTION WITH ILLNESS, AND
  THE SOCIAL PRINCIPLES IN MEDICAL ORGANISATION AND
  TREATMENT Charles Mclntire 1894

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MEDICAL SOCIOLOGY

• social epidemiology to practice social medicine
• to study cultural factors and social relation
• to study social factors of family,society, and
  government about health or disease
• to study social principles in medical
  organisation and treatment
• to study social problems
• to study social security

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Social epidemiology is defined as the study of
the social distribution and social determinants
of states of health The aim of social
epidemiology is to identify socio environmental
exposures that may be related to physical and
mental health outcomes. The principal concern of
social epidemiology is the study of how society
and social organization influence the health and
standard of living of individuals and
populations.
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SOCIAL MEDICINE

• THE STUDY OF MEDICAL NEEDS OR MEDICAL CARE
  OF THE SOCIETY WITH THE KNOWLEDGE OF SOCIAL
  EPIDEMIOLOGY

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TYPES OF SURVEY

• EPIDEMIOLGICAL SURVEY
• SOCIAL SURVEY

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• NEED FOR THE STUDY OF SOCIOLGY/
  MEDICAL SOCIOLGY
• RAPID TRANSFORMATION (IMPACT OF WEST)
• JOINT FAMILY DISINTEGRATION
• STRENGTH OF BOND OF MARRIAGE IS WANING
• BROKEN HOMES
• LINQUALISM, CASTEISM, REGIONALISM
• LUST FOR POWER
• WIDE CORRUPTION
• UNEMPLOYMENT
• URBANISATION
• CONFUSION IN THE SYSTEM OF EDUCATION

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Socio-economic Conditions And Health

• ECONOMIC STATUS
• EDUCATION
• OCCUPATION
• POLITICAL SYSTEM
• HOUSING
• EMPLOYMENT
• POVERTYAND AFFLUENCE
• ILLITRACY AND IGNORENCE
• TRAVEL
• INDUSTRILIZATION
• FOOD HABITS
• TOBACCO, ALCOHOL AND DRUG ABUSE

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• INDUSTRIALISATION
• PER CAPITA INCOME
• ECONOMIC PROGRESS
• STANDARD OF LIVING
• URBAN SLUM
• OVER CROWDING
• ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
• SOCIAL PROBLEMS
• ELIMINATE CASTE DISTINCTION
• MORE NUCLEAR FAMILY

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TYPES OF MEDICAL SERVICE

• CAPITALIST COUNTRY
• STATE MEDICINE
• INSURANCE MEDICINE
• CHARITY MEDICINE
• And Private medicine
• SOCIALIST COUNTRY
• Socialized medicine

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COMMUNITY

• COMMUNITY IS A HUMAN POPULATION LIVING WITHIN A
  LIMITED GEOGRAPHIC AREA AND CARRYING ON A COMMON
  INTER-DEPENDENT LIFE - LUNDBERG

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URBAN COMMUNITY

• NAMELESSNESS
• HOMELESSNESS
• CLASS EXTREME
• SOCIAL HETEROGENESITY
• SOCIALDISTANCE
• EMOTIONAL TENSION AND INSECURITY

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RURAL COMMUNITY

• COMMUNITY CONCIOUSNESS
• ROLE OF NEIGHBOURHOOD
• JOINT FAMILY
• FAITH IN RELIGION
• SIMPLICITY

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RURAL URBAN DIFFERENCES

• JOINT FAMILY
• LESS OF LOVE MARRIAGE
• WOMEN LITTERACY IS LESS
• NEIGHBOURHOOD IS IMPORTANT
• SENSE OF WE FEELING IS MUCH STRONGER
• SOCIAL INTERACTION IS PERSONNEL
• RURAL CULTURE IS CONSERVATIVE

• NUCLEAR FAMILY
• MORE OF DIVORCE
• WOMEN LITTERACY IS HIGH
• IT IS NOT IMPORTANT
• IT IS NOT SEEN
• SOCIAL INTERACTION IS IMPERSONEL
• CITY CULTURE IS COSMOPOLITAN

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• URBAN PROBLEMS
• URBAN SLUMS
• PAVEMENT DWELLERS
• UNEMPLOYMENT
• ANTISOCIAL ACTIVITY
• POVERTY
• CRIME
• MENTAL ILLNESS
• DELINQUENCY
• BEGGING
• PROSTITUTION
• POPULATION GROWTH
• POLITICAL AND INDUSTRIAL UNREST
• ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENT
• AND POLLUTION

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• MAJOR RURAL PROBLEMS
• MALNUTRITION UNDER 5 YEAR CHILDREN
• ILLITRACY
• CHILD LABOUR
• SCHOOL DROPOUT
• POOR TRANSPORT
• POOR COMMUNICATION
• INADEQUATE WATER FOR CULTIVATION
• ELECTRICITY PROBLEMS
• LABOUR PROBLEMS
• BONDED LABOURER

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FAMILY

• Family is a group of persons united by the ties
  of marriage, blood or adoption constituting a
  single household, interacting and
  inter-communicating with each other in their
  respective social roles of husband and wife,
  mother and father, son and daughter, brother and
  sister creating a common culture Burgess and
  locke

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FAMILY

• BASIC UNIT OF THE SOCIETY
• PRIMARY UNIT OF THE SOCIETY
• BIOLOGICAL UNIT OF THE SOCIETY
• CULTURAL UNIT OF THE SOCIETY
• EPIDEMIOLOGICAL UNIT OF THE SOCIETY

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TEMPORARY SOCIAL GROUP

• THE CROWD
• THE MOB
• THE HERD

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PERMANENT SOCIAL GROUP

• THE BAND
• THE VILLAGE
• THE TOWN
• THE CITY
• THE STATE

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TYPE OF FAMILY

• PATRIARCHAL FAMILY
• MATRIARCHAL FAMILY
• NUCLEAR FAMILY
• EXTENDED NUCLEAR FAMILY
• JOINT FAMILY
• THREE GENERATION FAMILY
• MATRILOCAL FAMILY
• PATRILOCAL FAMILY

• MONOGAMOUS FAMILY
• POLYGAMOUS FAMILY
• POLY ANDROUS FAMILY
• MATRILINEAR FAMILY
• PATRILINEAR FAMILY
• ENDOGAMOUSFAMILY
• EXOGAMOUS FAMILY
• BROKEN FAMILY
• PROBLEM FAMILY

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FAMILY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE

• CHILD REARING
• SOCIALIZATION
• PERSONALITY FORMATION
• CARE OF DEPENDENTS

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SOCIAL FUNCTION OF FAMILY

• REGULATION OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR AND REPRODUCTION
• CARE AND TRAINING OF CHILDREN
• ECONOMIC
• RECREATION
• PROTECTIVE
• RELIGIOUS
• EDUCATION

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ROLE OF FAMILY IN HEALTH AND
ILLNESS

• SOMATIC SYMPTOMS INCREASES TENSION AMONG THE
  FAMILY MEMBERS
• CHRONIC ILLNESS AND COMPLICATED ILLNESS IS
  DETERMINTEL TO THE FAMILY FUNCTIONING
• FAMILY PRESTIGE IS AFFECTED BY MENTALLY RETARDED
  CHILD
• THE FAMILY WILL OFFER REMEDIES AND ADVICE
• TO TAKE OVER THE ROLL OF THE ILL PERSON WHEN
  HE/SHE IS NO LONGER CAPABLE OF PERFORMING
• IT WILL PROVIDE CARE UNTIL RECOVERY AND LONG TERM
  SUPPORT

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FAMILY AND DISEASE

• HEMOPHILIA, COLOUR BLINDNESS, DM, and MENTAL
  ILLNESS
• TB, SCABIES, COMMON COLD MEASLES, CHICKEN-POX,
  DIARRHOEA, DYSENTRY, and ENTERIC FEVER
• CONGENITAL MALFORMATION

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FAMILY CYCLE

• STAGE OF FORMATION
• STAGE OF GROWTH
• STAGE OF RETRACTION
• STAGE OF DISINTEGRATION

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THE SECRET OF HEALTH LIES IN THE HOMES OF THE
PEOPLE Florence Nightingale
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• SOCIAL PROBLEMS
• ANY DEVIANT BEHAVIOUR IN A DISAPPROVED DIRECTION
  OF SUCH A DEGREE THAT IS EXCEEDED THE TOLERANCE
  LIMIT OF THE COMMUNITY - LUNDBERG

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• SOCIAL PROBLEM
• PROSTITUTION
• THE DISABLED
• POVERTY
• JUVENILE DELINQUENCY
• UNEMPLOYMENT
• ALCOHOLISM
• WOMENS EMPLOYMENT
• CHILD LABOUR
• STREET CHILDREN
• SOCIAL PROBLEM OF WORKERS

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• PROSTITUTION
• A PROSTITUTE IS AN INDIVIDUAL, MALE OR FEMALE,
  WHO FOR SOME KIND OF REWARD, MONETARY OR
  OTHERWISE, OR FOR SOME FORM OF PERSONAL
  SATISFACTION AS A PART OR WHOLE TIME PROFESSION,
  ENGAGES IN NORMAL OR ABNORMAL SEXUAL INTERCOURSE
  WITH VARIOUS PERSONS, WHO MAY BE OF THE SAME SEX
  OR THE OPPOSITE SEX, TO THE PROSTITUTE G.R.
  SCOTT

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• CONSTITUENTS OF PROSTITUTION
• ILLICIT AND PROMISCUOUS SEXUAL INTER COURSE
• MERCENARY BASIS WHETHER IN CASH OR IN KIND
• LACK OF AFFECTION OR PERSONNEL INTEREST

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TYPES OF PROSTITUTE

• THE CALL GIRL
• THE STREET WALKER
• BAR PROSTITUTION
• PROSTITUTES OF THE BROTHEL
• CAMP FOLLOWERS
• INTER RACIAL PROSTITUTES
• THE FLEABAG
• DANCE HALL PROSTITUTES

• BEAT PROSTITUTES
• ELDERLY PROSTITUTES
• GIMMICK PROSTITUTES
• FRICATRICE PROSTITUTES
• CHILD PROSTITUTES

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• FACTORS FOR PROSTITUTIONS
• PREDISPOSING FACTORS
• ATTRACTIVE FACTORS
• PRECIPITATING FACTORS
• ECONOMIC FACTORS
• SOCIAL FACTORS
• PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS
• BIOLOGICAL FACTORS
• RELIGIOUS AND CULTURAL FACTORS

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• CAUSES OF PROSTITUTION
  IN MALES
• THE UNMARRIED
• THE MARRIED
• THE WIDOWERS/DIVORCED

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• PROBLEMS OF PROSTITUTION
• TRAFFICKING IS AN OFFENCE
• HOODLUMS AND POLICE EXTRACT MONEY
• TRANSMISSION OD S.T.D/HIV
• PROSTITUTES ARE MURDERED WITH AN OVER DOSE OF
  HEROIN

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• PREVENTION OF PROSTITUTION
• RESCUE HOME AND SHELTER
• IMMORAL TRAFFICK ACT
• SOCIAL CONTROL OF S.T.D/ HIV
• LICENCE
• SKILLED TRAINING AND PLACEMENT OF JOB IN
  SHELTERED WORKSHOP
• WELFARE MEASURES FOR THE CHILDREN OF PROSTITUTES

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SOCIAL DEFENCE

• THE JUVENILE JUSTICE ACT, 2001
• THE CHILD LABOUR ACT,1986
• THE IMMORAL TRAFFIC ACT,1956
• THE DOWRY PROHIBITION ACT,1961
• THE NARCOTIC DRUGS AND PSYCHOTROP SUBSTANCES
  ACT,1985

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CULTURE

• IT IS DEFINED AS LEARNED BEHAVIOUR WHICH HAS BEEN
  SOCIALLY ACQUIRED

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CULTURAL FACTORS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE

• PERSONAL HYGIENE
• NUTRITION
• IMMUNISATION
• SEEKING EARLY MEDICAL CARE
• FAMILY PLANNING
• CHILD REARING
• DISPOSAL OF EXCRETA REFUSE

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• SOCIAL SECURITY
• SOCIAL SECURITY IS THE GUARANTEE THAT THE STATE
  GIVES TO SPECIFIC INDIVIDUALS (WHO MAY OR MAY NOT
  BE REQUIRED TO PAY MONTHLY PREMIA) BY VIRTUE OF
  WHICH THEY RECEIVE, IN TIMES OF CRISES, FREE
  REMEDIAL AND SUPPORTIVE MEASURES.

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Social security act

• W.C.A 1923/ FACTORY ACT 1948
• E.S.I, ACT 1948
• C.G.H.S 1963
• STATE OLD AGE PENSION ACT
• EMPLOYEES PROVIDENT FUND ACT
• PAYMENT OF GRADUITY ACT 1972
• MATERNITY BENEFIT ACT
• BONUS SCHEME ACT

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• SOCIAL CONTROL
• IT IS THE SUM OF THOSE METHODS BY WHICH A SOCIETY
  TRIES TO INFLUENCE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TO MAINTAIN A
  GIVEN ORDER - MANHEIM

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• SOCIAL CONTROL
• STABILITY OF SOCIAL GROUP
• COMMUNITY RELATION
• AND SHARED VALUES

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• NEED OF SOCIAL CONTROL
• TO MAINTAIN SOCIAL ORDER
• TO ESTABLISH A SOCIAL UNITY
• TO REGULATE OR CONTROL INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR
• TO CHECK CULTURAL MAL- ADJUSTMENT

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• MEANS OF SOCIAL CONTROL
• INFORMAL MEANS
• FORMAL MEANS

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• INFORMAL MEANS
• BELIEF
• SOCIAL SUGGESTION
• IDEOLOGIES
• FOLKWAYS
• MORES

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• FORMAL MEANS
• LAW
• EDUCATION
• COERCION

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• SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR HEALTH
• INDIVIDUAL RESPONSIBILITY
• COMMUNITY RESPONSIBILITY
• THE STATE RESPONSIBILITY
• INTERNATIONAL RESPONSIBILITY