Michigan Model for Health

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Michigan Model for HealthProven to Be Effective

• Michigan Model for Health
• Grades K-6 Training of Trainers
• Assignment 4, Part c
• Evaluation Results

022012
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Goals for This Assignment

• Become familiar with the evaluation data and how
  it was gathered.

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Goals for This Assignment

• Become familiar with the evaluation data and how
  it was gathered.
• Identify ways to use the evaluation data to
  promote the Michigan Model.

4
Effectiveness of theMichigan Model for
HealthA Randomized Control Study

• Principal InvestigatorJim ONeill, Ph.D.,
  Madonna University
• Collaborator
• Jeff Clark, H.S.D., Ball State University

022012
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Overview

• Largest study of its kind

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Overview

• Largest study of its kind
• Study done over two years (2006-2008)

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Overview

• Largest study of its kind
• Study done over two years (2006-2008)
• Participating in the study
• 2500 fourth and fifth grade students
• 300 teachers
• 52 school buildings in Michigan and Indiana

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Overview

• Control group, grades 4 and 5, did not receive
  Michigan Model for Health or any other prevention
  programs

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Overview

• Control group, grades 4 and 5, did not receive
  Michigan Model for Health or any other prevention
  programs
• Program group implemented Michigan Model for
  Health lessons covering four units each year
• 24 lessons in grade 4
• 28 lessons in grade 5

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Overview

• Control group, grades 4 and 5, did not receive
  Michigan Model for Health or any other prevention
  programs
• Program group implemented Michigan Model for
  Health lessons covering four units each year
• 24 lessons in grade 4
• 28 lessons in grade 5
• Students 51 Female, 54 Caucasian and 26
  African American

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Overview

• Control group, grades 4 and 5, did not receive
  Michigan Model for Health or any other prevention
  programs
• Program group implemented Michigan Model for
  Health lessons covering four units each year
• 24 lessons in grade 4
• 28 lessons in grade 5
• Students 51 Female, 54 Caucasian and 26
  African American
• School attrition rate was very low at 5

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The Rigorous Research Design

• Longitudinal Grades 4 and 5
• Experimental School buildings randomly assigned
  to program or control groups
• Buildings matched on key factors
• Poverty level
• Ethnic composition
• Academic achievement level
• Comprehensive
• Social and Emotional Health
• Safety and Violence Prevention
• Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs (Inhalants)
• Nutrition and Physical Activity

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The Program Evaluation Question

• Is the Michigan Model for Health effective in
• Improving knowledge, skills, and attitudes
  associated with positive health behaviors?

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The Program Evaluation Question

• Is the Michigan Model for Health effective in
• Improving knowledge, skills, and attitudes
  associated with positive health behaviors?
• Reducing youth risk behaviors?

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Outcomes
Students who received the Michigan Model for
Health curriculum showed significant, positive
changes compared to a randomized control group.

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Positive Outcomes

• Better interpersonal communication skills
• Stronger social emotional skills
• Less reported aggression in the past 30 days

more
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Positive Outcomes

• Improved safety skills
• Better safety attitudes
• Improved physical activity skills
• Improved nutrition behavior (fruits)

more
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Positive Outcomes

• Stronger drug refusal skills
• Less reported alcohol and tobacco use in the past
  30 days
• Later age of first alcohol and cigarette use
• Reduced intentions to use alcohol and smoke
  cigarettes

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Outcomes

• Of the 20 health areas measured, the Michigan
  Model for Health had a significant positive
  impact on 15 areas.

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Outcomes

• Of the 20 health areas measured, the Michigan
  Model for Health had a significant positive
  impact on 15 areas. No significant effect was
  found for
• self-management skills
• pro-social behavior
• consumption of milk, vegetables, soda, chips, and
  French fries
• physical activity attitudes
• physical activity behavior

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Outcomes

• Compared to published results from other studies,
  this study showed that the Michigan Model for
  Health improved more health areas among students
  than any other health education curriculum. 1
• Social and Emotional HealthNutritionPhysical
  ActivityViolenceSafetyAlcohol, Tobacco, and
  Other Drugs

1. ONeill JM, Clark JK, Jones JA. Promoting
mental health and preventing substance abuse and
violence in elementary students a randomized
control study of the Michigan Model for Health. J
Sch Health. 2011 81 320-330.
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Now for the
D
A
T
A
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Improves Social and Emotional Skills and Prevents
Violence
Percentage Change Over Two Years (Grade 4 Pretest
to Grade 5 Follow-Up Posttest)
Interpersonal Communication
Interpersonal Communication
(n ? 835)
Social andEmotional Skills
(n ? 960)
Decreased Aggression

• p ? .05 (two-tailed),
• groups equivalent at pretest

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Improves Physical Activity Skills and Nutrition
Behavior
Percentage Change Over Two Years (Grade 4 Pretest
to Grade 5 Follow-Up Posttest)
(n ? 835)
Physical Activity Skills
(n ? 960)
PositiveNutrition Behavior (fruit consumption)

• p ? .05 (two-tailed),
• groups equivalent at pretest

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Improves Safety Attitudes and Skills
Percentage Change Over Two Years (Grade 4 Pretest
to Grade 5 Follow-Up Posttest)
(n ? 835)
Safety Attitudes
(n ? 960)
Safety Skills

• p ? .05 (two-tailed),
• groups equivalent at pretest

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Prevents Alcohol and Cigarette Use
Percentage Change Over Two Years (Grade 4 Pretest
to Grade 5 Follow-Up Posttest)
Ever Drank Alcohol
(n ? 835)
Past 30-Day Alcohol Use
(n ? 960)
Ever Smoked Cigarettes
Past 30-Day Cigarette Use

• p ? .05 (two-tailed),
• groups equivalent at pretest

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Improves Drug Refusal Skills andReduces
Intentions to Use Drugs
Percentage Change Over Two Years (Grade 4 Pretest
to Grade 5 Follow-Up Posttest)
Drug Refusal Skills
(n ? 835)
Intentions to Smoke Cigarettes
(n ? 960)
Intentions to Drink Alcohol

• p ? .05 (two-tailed),
• groups equivalent at pretest

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Did You Know?

• The study design and outcomes met the rigorous
  standards used by the DHHS Substance Abuse and
  Mental Health Services Administration to secure
  placement of the Michigan Model for Health on the
  National Registry of Evidence-Based Programs and
  Practices (NREPP).
• Currently, there are over 175 programs in the
  NREPP, but the Michigan Model for Health is the
  only comprehensive K-12 health education
  curriculum to qualify for that registry.

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What Did Teachers Think?

• 91 of teachers reported that the Michigan
  Model for Health was well developed and
  well-received by students

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Teacher Reactions to the Michigan Model for Health
Percentage of Pilot Test Teachers (n24)
Lessons easy to teach
Lessons engaging for students
Lessons done in estimated time
Student worksheets appealing
Posters effective
Rubrics and checklists helpful
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Teacher Observations

• Only 7 reported observing no or little changes
  in their students.
• One parent talked about a situation at home with
  me about internet safety and their child. I know
  this made a big difference in their home. I also
  know the tips pages gave great ideas for
  parents.
• We actually had a real emergency a few days
  after these lessons, and the studentsremembered
  what to do stay calm, get an adult and explain
  that there was an emergency.

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Teacher Observations

• A student got punched by another kid and he
  walked away. This particular student would never
  have just walked away before!!!
• Lessons on bullying and feelings has had a
  great, positive impact on how my class handles
  confrontation.
• Students are expressing their feelings and using
  the problem solving ACT and WISE to help monitor
  conflict.

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Teacher Observations

• The children are making better food choices at
  home. They are also encouraging their family
  members to eat healthier.
• The students will often bring up discussions
  about nutrition and what is not good to eat,
  according to what we learned. It's quite
  impressive. They really liked the nutrition
  lessons!
• I recently noticed, when we had a writing prompt
  about choices, some of the students chose to
  write about healthy choices in eating.

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Teacher Observations

• My students are really starting to have a better
  understanding of how important their bodies are.
• Kids mentioned putting dangerous things away
  (like medicine) so younger brothers and sisters
  can't get them.
• Children love Health. In a recent show of
  hands, 75 of my students voted Health as being
  their favorite subject this year in the fourth
  grade.

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Learn More

• For more information about the Michigan Model for
  Health including evaluation results, history of
  the program, scope and sequence charts, partners,
  and ordering information, please visit
  www.michiganmodel.org.

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Your Assignment

• Answer these questions
• What parts of the evaluation are you most excited
  about?
• How do you think you might use the data to
  promote the Michigan Model?
• With what audiences do you plan to share this
  information?